A new sample preparation method for determination of acidic drugs in sewage sludge applying microwave assisted solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

This paper presents a new sample preparation procedure for determination of selected acidic pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and diclofenac) in sewage sludge using microwave assisted solvent extraction, dispersive matrix extraction (DME) followed by the conventionally applied solid phase extraction (SPE), derivatization, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The recoveries calculated from analytical data of spiked sludge samples changed in the range of 80-105% ± 15% for the four pharmaceuticals in mixed and activated sludge depending on the efficiency of the clean-up procedure. The measured concentration values of ibuprofen and naproxen were identical in the mixed and the activated sludge samples. However, ketoprofen and diclofenac showed about twice as high concentration in activated sludge than in the mixed one independently of the applied extraction method. The typical concentration ranges of ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen and diclofenac in sewage sludge were 10-30 ng/g, 30-50 ng/g, 50-130 ng/g, and 50-140 ng/g respectively.     

蠕虫减量剩余活性污泥反应器的CFD数值模拟

构建以序批式反应器(SBR)为主体工艺并联合蠕虫反应器的生活污水处理系统,在保证系统出水水质达标的前提下,蠕虫对SBR产生的剩余活性污泥摄食减量约23%(以质量计)。利用ANSYS FLUENT 16.0软件提供的欧拉两相流模型和标准k-ε湍流模型,对蠕虫反应器内部速度场、含气率以及湍流强度等进行了计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟。模拟结果表明,蠕虫反应器内曝气量约为0.2m₃/h、 蠕虫投放在P2位置即蠕虫密度为1.63g/dm₃时,蠕虫反应器内部流场适合蠕虫减量污泥,减质最高达23%,与试验结果基本吻合。通过响应曲面法(BBD)进行试验,所得污泥减量率与BBD预测值基本相符,进一步佐证了数值模拟结果的可靠性。因此,利用CFD数值模拟可以指导蠕虫反应器优化运行,从而为蠕虫减量污泥系统的放大设计及工程应用奠定基础。     

Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in sewage sludge by direct hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

In this study, a three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) method combined with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was developed for direct determination of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and ibuprofen) in sewage sludge. The drugs were extracted from non-spiked and spiked slurry samples with different amounts of sludge into an organic phase and then back-extracted into an aqueous phase held in the lumen of the hollow fiber. High enrichment factors ranging from 2761 to 3254 in pure water were achieved. In sludge samples, repeatability and inter-day precision were tested with relative standard deviation values between 10–18% and 7–15%, respectively. Average concentrations of 29 ± 9, 138 ± 2, 39 ± 5 and 122 ± 7 ng/g were determined in dried sludge from Källby sewage treatment plant (Sweden) for ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and ibuprofen, respectively.     

一种新型螺旋污泥脱水机的设计及其应用前景

简述了传统机械脱水设备存在的不足,介绍了螺旋污泥脱水机的工作原理、技术特点及应用前景。     

含油污泥水洗分离工艺条件探索

油田含油污泥已被列入《国家危险废物名录》中的危险废物(HW08项),若处理不当会产生严重的环境污染,而其中的有机污染物对人体及环境具有很高的毒害.笔者以热水清洗方法清洗油泥,以处理前后泥沙中含油率为指标,综合考察了工艺操控中温度、时间、酸度、液固比、加剂量等参数的变化对油泥洗涤效率的影响,确定最佳工艺条件.使处理后的油和泥沙满足回收和环境的要求.     

用稻壳、稻草制取水玻璃过程中金属杂质的去除及其机理分析

对用稻壳、稻草制备水玻璃所剩余的炭渣进行了分析，给出实验结果．结果表明：金属成分在水玻璃的制备过程中以难溶化合物的形式被除去；难溶化合物能与酸反应，转化为可溶化合物；新技术制取的水玻璃溶液与传统方法相比，纯度相同，甚至更高．     

氯化法钛白粉生产中收尘渣的回收处理工艺研究

氯化法钛白粉生产过程中 ,收尘器内每天产生 1 2— 1 4吨的收尘渣 ,这些废渣在空气中潮解形成烟雾 ,遇水大量溶解形成水溶液 ,均对环境造成严重污染 ,另外日益增多的废渣的堆放场地无法解决 ,据资料介绍国外有的采用钻井深埋的处理方式 ,而国内采取用水直接冲洗或先用石灰搅拌后再用水冲洗的方式 ,这些方法都存在潜在的污染 ,不能从根本上解决问题 ,因此国内外并无好的成形技术处理这些废渣。本文介绍的采用焙烧的方法处理氟化收尘渣在国内处于领先地位 ,可使 80 %以上的氟化物转化为无污染的氯化物 ,节省占地面积 ,每年还为企业节约处理费近 1 0 0万元。     

Application of Ultrasonic Technology in Detecting of Sludge Level

The basic principle and the method of detecting the sludge level have been presented,and the merits and demerits of different methods have been compared. The method of detecting by ultrasonic has been put forward based on characteristic and the need of measuring of sludge level.     

薛家湾污水处理厂工艺改进方案可行性研究

薛家湾污水处理厂现有工艺主要存在的问题是出水水质差且污泥浓缩困难;各单元处理之间,设备、构筑物之间的不匹配现象突出,个别单元处理效率低,损耗大;当地严重缺水而处理水外排造成巨大浪费.针对这种情况,提出气浮-水解-活性污泥法加储水库工艺、A-B法加储水库工艺等两种方案作为本工艺改进方案,并重新选择配套设备,进行可行性的分析和比较,预期取得巨大的环境、社会和经济效益.     

水厂进口投加设备的应用

介绍了水厂投加混凝剂、投加氯工艺的发展和设备的应用情况，分析了先进的自动投药系统和自动加氯系统的工作原理，阐述了应用自动投加设备后的成效、