Rapid automated high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of amino acids and biogenic amines in wine, fruit and honey

This paper reports a new, simple, rapid and economical method for routine determination of 24 amino acids and biogenic amines in grapes and wine. No sample clean-up is required and total run time including column re-equilibration is less than 40min. Following automated in-loop automated pre-column derivatisation with an o-phthaldialdehyde, N-acetyl-l-cysteine reagent, compounds were separated on a 3mm×25cm C(18) column using a binary mobile phase. The method was validated in the range 0.25-10mg/l; repeatability was less than 3% RSD and the intermediate precision ranged from 2 to 7% RSD. The method was shown to be linear by the 'lack of fit' test and the accuracy was between 97 and 101%. The LLOQ varied between 10μg/l for aspartic and glutamic acids, ethanolamine and GABA, and 100μg/l for tyrosine, phenylalanine, putrescine and cadaverine. The method was applied to grapes, white wine, red wine, honey and three species of physalis fruit. Grapes and physalis fruit were crushed, sieved, centrifuged and diluted 1/20 and 1/100, respectively, for analysis; wines and honeys were simply diluted 10-fold. It was shown using this method that the amino acid content of grapes was strongly correlated with berry volume, moderately correlated with sugar concentration and inversely correlated with total acidity.     

无籽西瓜高产栽培技术

无籽西瓜是我们当地群众普遍喜欢吃的瓜类作物，且市场价格比一般西瓜价格高。笔者于2000年和2001年两年进行了无籽西瓜的高产、高效栽培技术研究，其每亩产量达4100kg，产值6000元左右，效益十分显著。     

复合浓缩苹果--青芹果蔬汁生产工艺的研究

从芹菜品种选取入手,采用压榨、护色、酶解澄清、精密过滤、三效浓缩等现代食品加工技术,研究复合浓缩苹果—青芹果蔬汁的生产工艺。实验中采用金属Na 取代叶绿素分子中Mg2 护色、果胶酸法澄清,可使果蔬汁保持鲜艳的绿色,并且稳定性能好。     

发酵草莓汁酸豆奶的研制

以大豆为原料，添加草霉汁，经乳酸菌发酵制作发酵草霉汁豆奶，研究了草莓汁的添加量等因素对产品质量的影响，并确定最适配方及工艺。     

食品玻璃化转变温度测量方法的比较

利用差示扫描量热仪用经过退火处理的连续扫描法、不经过退火处理的连续扫描法和分步扫描法,对20％和50％蔗糖水溶液的玻璃化转变温度进行了测量。结果显示,退火处理的连续扫描法测量结果最好,测得蔗糖水溶液的玻璃化转变温度大致为-34．6℃,Tg'不受退火温度和溶液浓度的影响。三种方法测得20％蔗糖水溶液的Tg'的差别不大。退火方法和不退火方法测得50％蔗糖水溶液的Tg'差别很大。用两种不同的连续扫描方法做了几组测新鲜西瓜汁玻璃化转变温度的实验,结果在-42--44℃之间。     

沼液和香蕉秆压榨汁生产单细胞蛋白菌株的筛选

由于全球蛋白质缺乏,单细胞蛋白(Single cell protein,SCP)作为一种安全的食品添加剂和饲料,越来越受到人们的重视。尽管SCP大规模生产历史已有近百年,但是对各种优良生产菌株、潜在底物以及最优发酵条件的研究仍然是世界各国研究的热点。基于此,本研究以沼液和香蕉秆压榨汁为研究对象,对能利用其生长的菌株进行筛选,为进一步的单细胞蛋白生产提供参考。实验结果表明:酵母菌、芽孢杆菌都能利用沼液和香蕉秆压榨汁生长,但香蕉秆压榨汁不易保存,因此不宜作为发酵底物;热带假丝酵母Candida tropicalis在沼液中的生长能力强于酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y49和毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris GS115;芽孢杆菌在沼液中的生长无规律,且易染杂菌,不适合实际生产应用。因此,沼液作为热带假丝酵母单细胞蛋白生产的培养基,不仅能为单细胞蛋白的生产提供原料,也有利于沼液的妥善处理,实现经济效益和环境效益的双赢。     

国内外蓝莓加工技术与功能性成分研究进展

蓝莓是一种越橘属浆果,除含有基础营养物质,还富含花青素、类黄酮等功能性成分,具有抗炎、抗癌、清除自由基、保护视力等功效。然而,新鲜的蓝莓易腐烂且贮藏和运输性能差,故需要进一步深加工,同时,蓝莓良好的健康属性使消费者对蓝莓加工产品的需求日益增加,应用可更好保留功能成分的先进加工技术已成为蓝莓加工产业发展的重要驱动力。阐述了近年蓝莓果汁、蓝莓果酒、蓝莓干燥等加工技术与功能性成分提取技术的研究进展,以期为蓝莓深加工产业提供理论依据。     

High-intensity ultrasonication impact on the chlorothalonil fungicide and its reduction pathway in spinach juice

Among different novel technologies, sonochemistry is a sustainable emerging technology for food processing, preservation, and pesticide removal. The study aimed to probe the impact of high-intensity ultrasonication on chlorothalonil fungicide degradation, reduction pathway, and bioactive availability of spinach juice. The chlorothalonil fungicide-immersed spinach juice was treated with sonication at 360 W, 480 W, and 600 W, 40 kHz, for 30 and 40 min at 30 ± 1 °C. The highest reduction of chlorothalonil fungicide residues was observed at 40 min sonication at 600 W. HPLC-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy) analysis revealed the degradation pathway of chlorothalonil and the formation of m-phthalonitrile, 3-cyno-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenamide, 4-dichloroisophthalonitrile, trichloroisophtalonitrile, 4-hydoxychlorothalonil, and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorochlorobenzonitrile as degradation products. High-intensity sonication treatments also significantly increased the bioavailability of phenolic, chlorophyll, and anthocyanins and the antioxidant activity of spinach juice. Our results proposed that sonication technology has excellent potential in degrading pesticides through free radical reactions formation and pyrolysis. Considering future perspectives, ultrasonication could be employed industrially to reduce pesticide residues from agricultural products and enhance the quality of spinach juice.     

Combination of hollow‐fiber‐supported liquid membrane and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction as a fast and sensitive technique for the extraction of pesticides from grape juice followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography

The simultaneous use of a hollow‐fiber‐supported liquid membrane and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of pesticides directly in grape juice was investigated. The detection and quantification were performed by liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The optimum extraction condition was reached by filling the pores of the membrane wall with dodecanol and using hexane/acetone as extraction/dispersion solvents. Salt addition had a highly negative effect on the extraction efficiency and the optimum extraction time was 60 min. The volume of hexane/acetone mixture and the sample pH did not affect the signal at the levels studied. Therefore, an intermediate amount of these solvents (250 μL; 1:7.5 v/v) and pH 6 were selected. The optimum desorption condition was obtained with acetonitrile and 10 min of desorption time. The linear working range varied from 58 to 500 μg/L (parathion‐methyl), 62–500 μg/L (difenoconazole) and 107–500 μg/L (chlorpyrifos), with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9980–0.9942. The limits of detection and quantification found were, respectively, 17 and 58 μg/L for parathion‐methyl, 19 and 62 μg/L for difenoconazole and 32 and 107 μg/L for chlorpyrifos. The relative standard deviation ranged between 3.5 and 11.2%.     

Electrochemical Study of 2,4‐Dinitrophenylhydrazine as Derivatization Reagent and Aldehydes at Carbon Glassy Electrode

A selective method based on derivatization with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) is described for the determination of several carbonyl compounds. The factors affecting the derivatization reaction of aldehyde and DNPH were investigated. The product of the derivatization reaction has been characterized by UV/Vis spectrophotometry, NMR, infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Then, an electrochemical study for the determination of aldehyde‐2.4‐dinitrophenylhydrazone was performed at glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using square wave voltammetry (SWV). After the optimization of experimental parameters, the limits of detection (at 3σ ) obtained for all aldehyde‐2,4‐DNPH were varied from 15.82 to 78.39 μmol L⁻¹ and relative standard deviations were between 1.8 and 4.5%. Finally, the proposed method was applied to determine the aldehydes concentration in drinking water and orange juice samples with satisfactory results.