结构在地震作用下的损伤评估方法

建筑结构应该能够承受一定地震运动的作用，同时也应该允许其产生一定的损伤。对于结构在地震作用下的损伤评估有多种的方法。本文将分别对从累积损伤方面、变形方面、变形和累积损伤的总和方面、刚度退化方面得到的损伤模型的特点进行评述。     

浅议新旧住宅楼水表的改造

介绍了新建住宅楼和旧住宅楼水表改造的选材、具体步骤和注意事项。     

3D molecular imaging SIMS

Thin monolayer and bilayer films of spin cast poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), poly(lactic) acid (PLA) and PLA doped with several pharmaceuticals have been analyzed by dynamic SIMS using SF₅⁺ polyatomic primary ion bombardment. Each of these systems exhibited minimal primary beam-induced degradation under cluster ion bombardment allowing molecular depth profiles to be obtained through the film. By combing secondary ion imaging with depth profiling, three-dimensional molecular image depth profiles have been obtained from these systems. In another approach, bevel cross-sections are cut in the samples with the SF₅⁺ primary ion beam to produce a laterally magnified cross-section of the sample that does not contain the beam-induced damage that would be induced by conventional focussed ion beam (FIB) cross-sectioning. The bevel surface can then be examined using cluster SIMS imaging or other appropriate microanalysis technique.     

A Scanning Electron Microscopy study of water in soil

Cold stage Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with a rapid cooling technique makes it possible to investigate the water phase within unsaturated porous media. It is thought that this technique preserves the main features of the micromorphology of the water menisci as it exists in the liquid phase in soils. Saddle-shaped elements, as well as pendular rings of water, were observed with concave and convex curvatures of the water-air interface. The hydraulic conductivity of an unsaturated soil may be inferred from SEM photographs. Observations of isolated water menisci indicate the existence of an immobile water domain. The surface geometry of the water menisci was analyzed quantitatively and surface tension and capillary pressure were determined.     

Solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride: Experimental results and correlation

The solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride was measured in the temperature range from 40 to 160°C, up to 6 mol-kg salt solutions and total pressures up to 10 MPa. Pitzer's⁽¹⁾ equations as well as the Chen and Evans⁽²⁾ model were used to correlate the new data. Results are reported and compared to literature data and correlations.     

水电工程规划设计方案的自动生成及评价

本文介绍了在水电工程规划设计时，如何利用三次自然样条插值函数在有限个方案的基础上自动生成无限多个方案，然后采用多目标综合决策模型在其中选择最优方案的一种方法．文中还给出了程序流程，并以某水电站正常蓄水位选择作为实例，对方法进行了验证，结果与专家决策完全吻合．     

Unexpected end‐groups of poly(acrylic acid) prepared by RAFT polymerization

Low‐molecular‐weight poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization with a trithiocarbonate as chain‐transfer agent (CTA). With a combination of NMR spectroscopy and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, the PAA end‐groups of the polymer were analyzed before and after neutralization by sodium hydroxide. The polymer prior to neutralization is made up of the expected trithiocarbonate chain‐ends and of the H‐terminated chains issued from a reaction of transfer to solvent. After neutralization, the trithiocarbonates are transformed into thiols, disulfides, thiolactones, and additional H‐terminated chains. By quantifying the different end‐groups, it was possible to demonstrate that fragmentation is the rate limiting step in the transfer reaction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5439–5462, 2004     

谷氨酸诱导的PC12细胞损伤的研究

采用MTT方法观察一定浓度的谷氨酸对PC12细胞活性的影响，结合凝胶电泳和荧光显微镜观察细胞有无DNA断裂和凋亡形态学改变。结果发现谷氨酸确有兴奋毒作用，细胞死亡机制主要为凋亡。     

采动区建筑物损害的鉴定方法

文章根据开采沉陷的理论 ,提出了在采动损害鉴定时可以采用的鉴定方法。