(E)-3-Arylidene-4-diazopyrrolidine-2,5-diones conveniently elaborated into cytotoxic compounds bearing primary sulfonamide and Michael acceptor moieties

The earlier described (E)-3-arylidene-4-diazopyrrolidine-2,5-diones have been elaborated into two distinct series of compounds both bearing a primary sulfonamide moiety and an electrophilic ‘Michael acceptor’ motif. These compounds demonstrated cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer cell line HCT 116.     

液氮下三种抗冻液对保存猪皮活力的比较研究

目的：寻求一种在液氮条件下冻存猪皮的最佳冷冻保护剂.方法：将新鲜巴马香猪皮肤消毒处理后分为3组,分别用A.20%二甲基亚砜（DMSO）、B.20%二甲基亚砜＋6%丙二醇（PG）、C.20%二甲基亚砜＋6%丙二醇＋0.5 M海藻糖（Trehalose）3种抗冻液作冻存处理后直接投入液氮保存,于15 d、30 d后复温进行活力检测.结果：0.5 mol/L海藻糖与二甲基亚砜、丙二醇联合作为抗冻液所处理的猪皮,复温后其活力明显高于其它两组.结论：海藻糖能有效提高低温储存皮肤的活力,医院在保存皮肤时可以在抗冻液中加入海藻糖以得到较高活力的猪皮用于临床.     

Bioelectrochemical Systems for Measuring Microbial Cellular Functions

In bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), living microorganisms are capable of converting the chemical energy of degradable organic matters into bioelectricity. The electrical current outputs are dependent on the microbial cell viability and the biodegradation rates. Therefore, monitoring the current generative through the BES is promising for the microbial activity assessments. As compared to conventional microbiological methods, BESs are considered as non‐invasive techniques that offer rapid and sensitive detection of cellular functions (extra‐ and/or intracellular). Therefore, several progressions were made in the last 100 years in order to develop effective BESs. In this review, the involvements of materials sciences, microbiology, and electrochemistry in the effective designing and developments of BESs were intensively discussed. Due to the nanotechnology revolutions, manipulation of electrode materials led to the creation of different BES generations. Therefore, the impact of nanomaterials on the developments of the second and third generations of BESs is still the outlook of this promising research area.     

Nonlinear Impulse Target Problems under State Constraint: A Numerical Analysis Based on Viability Theory

We study the problem of reaching a target without leaving a prescribed set for controlled impulse dynamics. First, we provide a numerical procedure for the approximation of the set of initial conditions from which the objective can be met. Then we show that the minimum time function associated with this target problem can be approached by a sequence of value functions for suitable discrete-time systems. This can be deduced from the fact that the epigraph of the minimum time function is the set of initial conditions from which a target can be reached without leaving a constraint set for an auxiliary impulse system. In this case, the numerical procedure for the qualitative target problem can be simplified. We provide results for estimating the convergence rate of the simplified scheme.     

A Geometric Characterization of Viable Sets for Controlled Degenerate Diffusions

For a general controlled diffusion process and an arbitrary closed set K we study the viability, or weak invariance, or controlled invariance, of K, that is, the existence of a control for each initial point in K keeping the trajectory forever in K. By viscosity solutions methods we prove a simple necessary and sufficient condition involving only a deterministic second-order normal cone to K and the data of the diffusion process. We also give an extension to stochastic differential games.     

不同贮藏温度对不同马铃薯品种花粉生活力的影响

以马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)8个品种(系)为试材,采用氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法测定马铃薯花粉活力,研究了在20、4、-4和-20℃条件下保存时间与花粉活力之间的关系。结果表明:在20℃条件下,保存7 d所有品种花粉全部失活;在4℃条件下,保存30 d后,大部分品种花粉活力下降到20%以下,保存120 d后,所有品种花粉活力下降至10%以下,贮藏达240 d则大部分品种花粉失活;在-4℃条件下保存的马铃薯花粉在保存30 d后,各品种的活力平均降低了50%,保存在240 d后则基本上失活;在-20℃条件下保存120 d的马铃薯花粉仍有部分品种花粉活力仍在20%以上,且在保存240 d后各品种花粉活力均未失活。-4℃避光干燥的条件适宜马铃薯花粉的短期贮藏,-20℃条件更适宜长时间贮藏花粉。     

Effect of the Addition of Alginate and/or Tetracycline on Brushite Cement Properties

Calcium phosphate cements have the advantage that they can be prepared as a paste that sets in a few minutes and can be easily adapted to the shape of the bone defect, which facilitates its clinical application. In this research, six formulations of brushite (dicalcium phosphate dihydrated) cement were obtained and the effect of the addition of sodium alginate was analyzed, such as its capacity as a tetracycline release system. The samples that contain sodium alginate set in 4 or 5 min and showed a high percentage of injectability (93%). The cements exhibit compression resistance values between 1.6 and 2.6 MPa. The drug was released in a range between 12.6 and 13.2% after 7 days. The antimicrobial activity of all the cements containing antibiotics was proven. All samples reached values of cell viability above 70 percent. We also observed that the addition of the sodium alginate and tetracycline improved the cell viability.     

Non‐Newtonian Polymer–Nanoparticle Hydrogels Enhance Cell Viability during Injection

Drug delivery and cell transplantation require minimally invasive deployment strategies such as injection through clinically relevant high‐gauge needles. Supramolecular hydrogels comprising dodecyl‐modified hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(lactic acid) have been previously demonstrated for the delivery of drugs and proteins. Here, it is demonstrated that the rheological properties of these hydrogels allow for facile injectability, an increase of cell viability after injection when compared to cell viabilities of cells injected in phosphate‐buffered saline, and homogeneous cell suspensions that do not settle. These hydrogels are injected at 1 mL min^?1 with pressures less than 400 kPa, despite the solid‐like properties of the gel when at rest. The cell viabilities immediately after injection are greater than 86% for adult human dermal fibroblasts, human umbilical vein cells, smooth muscle cells, and human mesenchymal stem cells. Cells are shown to remain suspended and proliferate in the hydrogel at the same rate as observed in cell media. The work expands on the versatility of these hydrogels and lays a foundation for the codelivery of drugs, proteins, and cells.     

Cytotoxicity and DNA Damage Effect of TGA-capped CdTe Quantum Dots

The cytotoxicity and DNA damage caused by thioglycolic acid(TGA)-capped cadmium telluride(CdTe)quantum dots(QDs)to hepatocyte line HL-7702 were investigated.Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimeth...     

Yeast cells long-term interaction with asbestos fibers

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was supported on chrysotile, crocidolite and lixiviated chrysotile. Samples of the supported cells and free cells were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. After 30 days, the free cells showed no viability when stored at 30 °C, and a viability of 40% when stored at 4 °C. Supported cells stored at 30 °C were more viable than the free cells at early times, but showed no viability after 30 days. Samples stored at 4 °C showed that the adhered cells are more viable than the free cells, up to 30 days. Cells supported on chrysotile and lixiviated chrysotile had 80% viability, and on crocidolite 70% viability. Scanning electron microscopy showed that cells supported on lixiviated chrysotile are fully covered by the support, but crocidolite fibers adhere less, since they are stiffer. Fermentation experiments performed after 3 years storage showed that four from the five lixiviated chrysotile samples and one of the three crocidolite samples were active. In all cases, a delay time for the onset of fermentation was observed indicating a state of latency.