简论机车车辆的可靠性与维修性及维修信息管理

论述了机车车辆"以可靠性为中心的维修"理论中的可靠性和维修性的定义、评价指标和设计方法,讨论了两者之间的关系;并对维修信息管理作了分析,说明了在高速、重载铁路迅速发展的今天,优良的维修管理信息系统对越来越复杂的机车车辆维修具有重要意义.     

210国道对牛背梁保护区羚牛东西扩散影响的研究(Ⅱ)——210国道车流量变化规律

2000年10月—2001年10月,采用定点观测的方法,对210国道保护区段每日04:00—22:00时的流动车辆进行了观测,总计流动车辆65 755辆,按观测日数计算,日均车流量782.8辆,平均1.37辆/2 min.每日15:00时的车流量最大,06:00时的车流量最少;主要集中在09:00—22: 00时,而以14:00—18:00时最为集中;每日的车流量变化可以分为四个阶段:即04:00—07:00时、07:00—13:00时、13:00—19:00时和19:00—22:00时,其中13:00—19:00时最大,19:00—22:00时次之,04:00—07:00时最小.     

基于图像运动区域的车辆遮挡跟踪算法

针对区域跟踪算法难以解决因车辆遮挡而引起误检的问题,提出了基于图像运动区域的车辆跟踪算法:采用背景剪除法提取运动区域,通过计算相邻帧运动区域的位置变化实现区域跟踪;建立车辆的二维矩形框模型,分析"区域--车辆"关系,结合区域跟踪的结果来判定车辆之间是否发生遮挡,并根据车辆行为来初始化车辆模型轮廓及速度;采用Kalman滤波器预测车辆在当前帧的位置,并以此预测位置作为车辆模型的初始位置进行模型轮廓的自适应调整,得到模型新的矩形轮廓;将新轮廓其所确定的几何中心位置作为测量值反馈回Kalman滤波器,修正Kalman系数,进行自回归运算和计算最佳匹配位置,从而实现车辆跟踪.算法测试实验使用的视频采集自江苏省通启高速公路视频监控系统,采用P4/2.4单CPU,结果表明,在为25帧/s视频流下,该算法准确跟踪率达到94.72%,有效解决遮挡问题,并具有较好的鲁棒性.     

北京正阳门城楼周边路面交通振源特性的现场调查

正阳门地处北京南北中轴线上,城楼东、南、西侧被交通道路环绕,繁忙的路面交通引起的环境振动必然对正门城楼及箭楼产生危害.路面交通振源特性是振动危害的基础.本文通过正阳门地区的现场交通调查,总结正阳门地区的路面交通的特点,为路面交通振源特性的研究提供现实依据,在此基础上,通过车辆振动系统模型建立动力方程求解,得到车辆振源的表达式,再依据现场交通调查的统计数据,确定了路面上不同类型车辆的振动表达式,为进一步研究城楼与箭楼对路面交通振源的动力响应提供参考.     

The dynamics of Charles Taylor’s remarkable one-wheeled vehicle

In the 1950s and 1960s, Charles F. Taylor designed and tested various prototype one-wheeled vehicles. These machines were stabilized and steered using gyroscopes. In this paper, a simple model of a one-wheeled vehicle is presented and analyzed. This analysis explains the ability of these machines to exhibit stable steady motions.      

自动导引车系统关键技术的研究

提出了一种改进型电磁导引技术方案，该方案使自动导引系统的核心部分－路径规划算法及程序得以实现，分析及实验结果证明，该项技术是可行的，并且具有极高的经济性。     

某桁架式桥梁检测车垂直臂刚架结构的拓扑及尺寸优化

以某桁架式桥梁检测车垂直臂为研究对象,利用ANSYS参数化设计语言建立了该垂直臂的三维实体参数化有限元模型,选择了三种典型工况对垂直臂进行了有限元静力结构分析。采用面面接触单元来模拟垂直臂与连接架滑块之间的滑动副,准确计算了垂直臂与滑块间的受力和变形情况。分析了垂直臂主管臂厚、弦杆臂厚以及拓扑结构参数弦杆分布密度对其强度、刚度的影响,为提高垂直臂构件的力学性能提供了理论依据。基于分析结果,选出了垂直臂的最佳几何构型并应用于实际产品。     

Stochastic single vehicle routing with a predefined customer sequence and multiple depot returns

We study the routing of a single vehicle that delivers multiple products under stochastic demand. Specifically, we investigate two practical variations of this problem: (i) The case in which each product type is stored in its dedicated compartment in the vehicle, and (ii) the case in which all products are stored together in the vehicle’s single compartment. Suitable dynamic programming algorithms are proposed to determine the minimum expected (routing) cost for each case. Furthermore, the optimal routing policy is derived by developing appropriate theorems. The efficiency of the algorithms is studied by solving large problem sets.     

A structural model for the time-dependent recovery of mineral suspensions

A thixotropic recovery model has been developed that is based on consideration of the microstructural interactions that occur between particles within a suspension particle network. The model is based on Smoluchowski coagulation rate theory, utilizing second order kinetics to describe the thixotropic recovery behavior. The model is applied to Na-montmorillonite-based coal tailings suspensions and is also shown to be applicable to brown coal and bauxite residue suspensions. The model describes all the recovery data well, especially at intermediate to large recovery times. The recovery of the montmorillonite suspensions at short times was faster than predicted, indicating the existence of additional factors in early-time structure development. The discrepancy may have also been due to the highly anisotropic nature of the clay platelets. The recovery rate constant, K _r , increases with increasing solids concentration (for constant surface chemical conditions) as would be expected from the basis of the model. Received: 22 September 2000 Accepted: 16 March 2001     

多车场有时间窗的多车型车辆调度及其禁忌算法研究

本文针对物流配送中的多车场车辆调度问题提出了两种多车场的处理方法，介绍了多车场车辆调度问题中容量、时间窗、多车型等多种约束的处理方法，并且根据具体约束情况设计了禁忌算法，对多车场有时间窗的多车型车辆调度问题加以实现，给出了一个具有代表性的算例试验结果和结果分析，通过试验表明了此方法对优化有时间窗的多车型车辆调度问题的有效性．