全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10928篇 |
免费 | 663篇 |
国内免费 | 1036篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 779篇 |
晶体学 | 16篇 |
力学 | 742篇 |
综合类 | 92篇 |
数学 | 4727篇 |
物理学 | 1208篇 |
综合类 | 5063篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 21篇 |
2023年 | 106篇 |
2022年 | 195篇 |
2021年 | 202篇 |
2020年 | 262篇 |
2019年 | 239篇 |
2018年 | 218篇 |
2017年 | 253篇 |
2016年 | 247篇 |
2015年 | 259篇 |
2014年 | 396篇 |
2013年 | 654篇 |
2012年 | 545篇 |
2011年 | 605篇 |
2010年 | 507篇 |
2009年 | 728篇 |
2008年 | 682篇 |
2007年 | 787篇 |
2006年 | 684篇 |
2005年 | 640篇 |
2004年 | 534篇 |
2003年 | 479篇 |
2002年 | 448篇 |
2001年 | 343篇 |
2000年 | 371篇 |
1999年 | 345篇 |
1998年 | 333篇 |
1997年 | 272篇 |
1996年 | 207篇 |
1995年 | 158篇 |
1994年 | 135篇 |
1993年 | 120篇 |
1992年 | 122篇 |
1991年 | 111篇 |
1990年 | 83篇 |
1989年 | 84篇 |
1988年 | 63篇 |
1987年 | 51篇 |
1986年 | 31篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 497 毫秒
161.
Chatterjee J 《Advances in colloid and interface science》2002,99(2):163-179
Removal of oil drops from solid surfaces immersed in an aqueous medium is of interest in many applications. It has been shown that drop shape analysis can be used to predict conditions at which the stability limit of a lighter than water oil drop on a solid surface immersed in an aqueous bath is reached (Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 98 (2002) 265). However the above analysis is restricted to cases where the contact angle made by the drop is below 90degrees and when the surface conditions result in a 'pinned' contact line. In this paper, it is shown that drop shape analysis can be used to predict the critical conditions at which drop stability limit is reached for drop contact angles of 90degrees and above, which is encountered with 'hydrophilic' surfaces. This critical condition can predict the occurrence of partial oil drop detachment, before complete removal due to 'roll-up', which occurs when the hydrophilic surface is adequately smooth which prevents 'pinning' of the contact line. The critical conditions at which partial drop detachment occurs can also be approximately predicted from simple force balances. It has been shown (Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 98 (2002) 265) that for contact angles less than 90degrees, the critical limit based on shape analysis appears to resolve the differences that arise due to alternate expressions for capillary retention force. This paper shows that even for contact angles above 90degrees, the critical conditions predicted from the shape analysis resolves the differences in the predictions from the alternate force balances. Drop shape analysis used in this paper is based on the 'Arc-length' form of Young-Laplace or 'drop shape' equation, which is different from the 'Y vs X' form of the above equation that is used in Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 98 (2002) 265. The above drop shape equation is solved by a fourth order Runge-Kutta technique and it is shown that for angles less than 90degrees, the two forms of the drop shape equation, predict almost identical values of the critical Eotvos number. This paper highlights the competing effects of interfacial tension lowering induced drop instability and 'roll-up', a term that is used to describe the retraction of the contact line of an oil drop on a surface, in being the primary c ause for drop detachment. 相似文献
162.
《Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra》2022,226(12):107144
We consider parametric optimization problems from an algebraic viewpoint. The idea is to find all of the critical points of an objective function thereby determining a global optimum. For generic parameters (data) in the objective function the number of critical points remains constant. This number is known as the algebraic degree of an optimization problem. In this article, we go further by considering the inverse problem of finding parameters of the objective function so it gives rise to critical points exhibiting a special structure. For example if the critical point is in the singular locus, has some symmetry, or satisfies some other algebraic property. Our main result is a theorem describing such parameters. 相似文献
163.
文中证明了有限预序集与有限偏序集的一些性质,并基于有限集上的拓扑和其上预序的一一对应关系,利用这些性质通过对极小元和极大元个数进行分类讨论,以一种有别于计算机算法而又容易理解的计算方法得出6元素集合上的T0拓扑总数为130023. 相似文献
164.
在不确定性环境下,当决策单元(DMU)的投入产出数据为区间数形式时,为解决决策单元之间既不是合作也不是竞争关系时的交叉评价问题,本文提出一种中立型区间交叉效率模型。从所有被评价者的角度出发解决评价权重的选取问题,以决策单元投入得分的平均偏差与产出得分的平均偏差之和最小化为目标,建立决策单元在最佳和最差两种生产状态下的中立型区间交叉效率模型。在本文提出的中立型模型视角下,DMU的投入得分平均偏差和产出得分平均偏差之和达到最小。算例结果表明该中立型区间交叉效率模型的有效性,解决了不确定性环境下的交叉评价问题,保证评价的客观公正,更加符合现实。 相似文献
165.
The low Mach number limit of inviscid Hookean elastodynamic equations is rigorously proved in bounded domain, whole space and periodic domain, respectively. The uniform existence of smooth solutions and convergence results as the Mach number tends to zero are obtained in three different domains. 相似文献
166.
柳絮 《青海师范大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,(1):15-20
复数a+bi和二无数对(a,b)可建立一对应关系,对定义在复数域上的Fuzzy集的研究可转化为欧氏空间R2上的Fuzzy集的研究,假定,本文中研究了Fuzzy复数的加法和乘法运算,对已有的有关结果进行了改进。 相似文献
167.
The Modified Barrier Functions (MBF) have elements of both Classical Lagrangians (CL) and Classical Barrier Functions (CBF). The MBF methods find an unconstrained minimizer of some smooth barrier function in primal space and then update the Lagrange multipliers, while the barrier parameter either remains fixed or can be updated at each step. The numerical realization of the MBF method leads to the Newton MBF method, where the primal minimizer is found by using Newton's method. This minimizer is then used to update the Lagrange multipliers. In this paper, we examine the Newton MBF method for the Quadratic Programming (QP) problem. It will be shown that under standard second-order optimality conditions, there is a ball around the primal solution and a cut cone in the dual space such that for a set of Lagrange multipliers in this cut cone, the method converges quadratically to the primal minimizer from any point in the aforementioned ball, and continues, to do so after each Lagrange multiplier update. The Lagrange multipliers remain within the cut cone and converge linearly to their optimal values. Any point in this ball will be called a hot start. Starting at such a hot start, at mostO(In In
-1) Newton steps are sufficient to perform the primal minimization which is necessary for the Lagrange multiplier update. Here, >0 is the desired accuracy. Because of the linear convergence of the Lagrange multipliers, this means that onlyO(In
-1)O(In In
-1) Newton steps are required to reach an -approximation to the solution from any hot start. In order to reach the hot start, one has to perform
Newton steps, wherem characterizes the size of the problem andC>0 is the condition number of the QP problem. This condition number will be characterized explicitly in terms of key parameters of the QP problem, which in turn depend on the input data and the size of the problem.Partially supported by NASA Grant NAG3-1397 and National Science Foundation Grant DMS-9403218. 相似文献
168.
Hirozumi Fujii 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》1996,124(9):2923-2933
It is well-known that any Laurent polynomial satisfying and is the Alexander polynomial of a knot in . We show that can be realized by a knot which has the following properties simultaneously: (i) tunnel number 1; (ii) bridge index 3; and (iii) unknotting number 1.
169.
Zhao Xuezhi 《数学学报(英文版)》1996,12(1):71-76
Letf:XX be a selfmap of a compact connected polyhedron, andA a nonempty closed subset ofX. In this paper, we shall deal with the question whether or not there is a mapg:XX homotopic tof such that the fixed point set Fixg ofg equalsA. We introduce a necessary condition for the existence of such a mapg. It is shown that this condition is easy to check, and hence some sufficient conditions are obtained.Partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning University. 相似文献
170.