籼稻93-11和粳稻日本晴DNA插入缺失差异片段揭示的水稻籼-粳分化

碱基的插入/缺失(InDel)引起DNA序列变化并形成了DNA片段长度多态,可以用作遗传标记.为了评价基于籼稻93-11和粳稻日本晴全基因组序列比对获得的差异片段而设计的InDel引物在鉴定籼稻和粳稻两种生态型以及研究稻属不同物种之间亲缘关系的意义,采用45对InDel引物,对来自亚洲10个国家的49份籼稻、43份粳稻品种和24份野生稻进行了检验.结果表明,其中41对InDel引物鉴定籼稻或粳稻品种的准确率高于80%.主成分分析散点图显示:籼稻与粳稻存在明显的遗传分化;含AA基因组的野生稻物种与籼稻品种存在较近的亲缘关系;非AA基因组的野生稻物种不存在明显的籼-粳分化.并且证明了基于籼稻93-11和粳稻日本晴全基因组序列比对获得的InDel差异片段设计的引物可以用于栽培稻籼稻和粳稻品种的鉴定以及籼-粳分化问题的研究,及探索稻属不同物种间的亲缘关系.     

A novel rigid wheel for agricultural machinery applicable to paddy field with muddy soil

The working performance of agricultural machinery is largely determined by the walking performance of the wheel when driving in complex unstructured soil. However, the driving performance of existing wheels is not satisfactory for paddy field with muddy soil. The purpose of the current study is therefore to propose a novel rigid wheel for agricultural machinery which is applicable to paddy field with muddy soil. Firstly, a novel arc edge shaped wheel was designed based on the principles of mechanics on the ground. Then the driving performance of this arc edge shaped wheel was evaluated using FE modeling of interaction between rigid wheel and soil. Finally, the structure originally designed arc edge shaped wheel was improved according to FE modeling results, and this improved design was further evaluated by both FE simulation and prototype experiments. Both FE modeling and experimental results indicate that the improved arc edge shaped wheel proposed in this study has a good driving performance with regarding to wheel sinkage and soil reaction force. The proposed arc edge shaped wheel could be used as an effective component of rice harvester for paddy field with muddy soil.     

化学学科核心素养在高中教材习题中的表现—以人教版教材为例

教材习题是落实新课标倡导的基于化学学科核心素养进行评价的重要载体。以化学学科核心素养的水平划分和学业质量水平为依据,分析人教版高中必修化学教材课后习题考查的核心素养及其水平。结果表明,2007年版和2019年版教材均注重全面考查核心素养和对基础性的考查,突出考查宏观辨识与微观探析素养,突出化学本质;但2019年版教材习题在数量上有所减少,加强了科学思维和科学实践的考查,合理拓展了核心素养考查的广度和深度。最后,依据习题特征获得相应的教学启示,以促进学生核心素养的发展。     

POLYMERIZATION OF A NEW SUBSTITUTED ACETYLENE BEARING A FURAN RING WITH PALLADIUM ACETYLIDE CATALYSTS

A substituted polyacetylene bearing a furan ring, poly(2-propynyl 2-furoate) (PPF), was synthesized for the first time with palladium acetylide complex catalysts in CHCl3 at 60℃ to give a soluble and stable polymer with a yield of ca.75%. Some features for polymerization of 2-propynyl 2-furoate are described and discussed. The resulting polymer was characterized by IR, GPC and ^1H-NMR analysis.     

Modified Ceria-Zirconia Fluorite-Like Catalysts for the Combustion of Methane

For dispersed ceria-zirconia-based solid solutions prepared via the polymerized complex method and annealed at 700℃, effects of bulk doping by Ca, Mn, Co, Bi or Nb cations and surface modification by Mn and Pt on their structural features, surface/bulk oxygen reactivity and catalytic activity in methane combustion are considered. With up to 20 mol% doping, a structural type of homogeneous solid solutions of anion-deficient fluorite with disordered anion vacancies is formed. Doping by transition metal cations or Pt increases the mobility and reactivity of the surface/bulk oxygen. A broad variation in specific rates of methane combustion for the studied systems was observed, suggesting structural sensitivity of this reaction. In general, there is no universal relationship between the oxygen mobility, the reactivity and the catalytic activity in methane combustion, which is explained by the factor of specific methane activation on surface active sites. For the Pt-promoted samples, Pt efficiency in methane activation depends on the Pt-support interaction, and the most favorable ones being mixed Pt/MnOx and Pt/NbOx clusters on the surface of the supports that exhibit high lattice oxygen mobilities.     

等厚薄板翼型的气动力特性研究

本文从吹风实验及数据分析两方面来研究等厚薄板翼型的气动力特性。在实验中对单园弧、双圆弧、抛物线三种类型的薄板翼型进行了孤立翼型的吹风试验，得出了各翼型升力系数，阻力系数随冲角变化的结果。然后利用非交错网格下的ＳＩＭＰＬＥ方法，计算了等厚薄板翼型流场，计算结果和实验结果吻合较好。     

应用近红外光谱投影模型法分析烟叶的产区与风格特征

以在2003年—2012年向国内17个主要烤烟产地,五大烟叶生态产区,收集的4 733个烟叶样品的近红外光谱为试验对象, 其中浓香型烟叶光谱1 580条, 清香型2 004条, 中间香型1 149条;应用基于主成分及Fisher准则(PPF)的方法建立烟叶生态产区和风格特征的投影分析模型,以生态产区模型的分析结果阐释了烟叶香型风格划分的合理性,并依据风格特征模型得到的预测样品投影值与模型中各类投影均值之间的欧氏距离,对预测样品给出最近和次近类别及描述风格特征程度的量化分值,结合模型中各类投影值的离散度以及设定阈值,将预测结果细化为典型浓、浓偏中、中偏浓、典型中、中偏清、清偏中、典型清、清透浓、浓透清等9类或超模型范围样品;应用2102在实际复烤生产加工及各烟叶原料基地中收集的不同部位、不同产地的35个烟叶样品验证了分析结果的合理性。该种分析方式,不仅可以实现预测样品的判别分析,并且可得到关于预测样品更细化的风格特征信息,可对烟草工业企业实现原料的跨区组合及叶组配方等提供指导。     

“秦皇岛柳江盆地——地质野外教学基地”地质特征和教学特色

本文全面介绍了"秦皇岛柳江盆地——地质野外教学基地"区域地质特征,在此基础上总结了教学基地的多学科交叉综合、综合素质能力培养、提高学生地质兴趣、激发创新思维的教学特征。