水平多孔窗内蒸发现象与制冷效应的二维数值模拟

从连续介质力学的观点出发,建立了描述非饱和多孔介质内部热质传递现象的二维稳态模型.并用此模型对水平多孔窗的传热传质过程进行了数值模拟,得到了不同运行工况下的床内各量的场分布及其蒸发制冷量分布,从而揭示了环境参数与多孔窗内部热质传递及其换热性能之间的内在联系.     

Thermodynamics of liquid mixtures containing n-alkanes and strongly polar components: VE and C P E of mixtures with either pyridine or piperidine

Excess molar volumes V _E and excess molar heat capacities C _P ^/E at constant pressure have been obtained, as a function of mole fraction x₁, for several binary liquid mixtures belonging either to series I: pyridine+n-alkane (C_lH_2l+2), with l=7, 10, 14, 16, or series II: piperidine+n-alkane, with l=7, 8, 10, 12, 14. The instruments used were a vibrating-tube densimeter and a Picker flow microcalorimeter, respectively. V ^E of pyridine+n-heptane shows a S-shaped composition dependence with a small negative part in the region rich in pyridine (x₁>0.90). All the other systems show positive V ^E only. The excess volumes increase with increasing chain length l of the n-alkane. The excess molar heat capacities of the mixtures belonging to series II are all negative, except for a small positive part for piperidine+n-heptane in the region rich in piperidine (x₁>0.87). The C _P ^/E at the respective minima, C _P ^/E (x_1,min ), become more negative with increasing l, and the x_1,min values range from about 0.26 (l=7) to 0.39 (l=14). Most interestingly, mixtures of series I exhibit curves of C _P ^/E against x₁ with two minima and one maximum, the so-called W-shape curves.Dedicated to Professor A. Néckel on the occasion of his 65^th birthday. Communicated in part at the XVII^èmes Journées de Calorimétrie, d'Analyse Thermique et de Thermodynamique Chimique, Ferrara, Italy, 27–30 October, 1986.     

Influence of Cycle Temperatures on the Thermochemical Heat Storage Densities in the Systems Water/Microporous and Water/Mesoporous Adsorbents

The adsorption equilibrium of water on microporous adsorbents (zeolites of NaA-, NaY- and NaX-type as well as their ion exchanged forms) and on mesoporous adsorbents (different silica gels and composite material i.e. silica gel + salt hydrate) has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Using the Dubinin theory of pore filling the characteristic curves of the adsorption systems and other relevant dependences such as isotherms, isobars, isosteres and the curve of the differential heat of adsorption were calculated. For all systems investigated the adsorption were calculated. A_ads and the desorption potential A_des of the closed heat storage system were estimated. These values define the working range of the adsorption/desorption cycle and allow to calculate the specific heat storage density Δ h_sp. On the basis of Δ h_sp the different adsorbents were compared in order to select the optimal porous storage material for a given application. The presented experimental and theoretical investigations show that the adsorption systems water-zeolite and water-composites are promising working pairs for thermochemical heat storage processes for hot tap water supply and space heating of single family dwellings. The advantage of the water-composite system is the low desorption temperature (solar energy) the main shortcoming the low temperature lift. The advantage of the water zeolite system is the high temperature lift, the shortcoming are the relative high desorption temperatures.     

Thermodynamic properties of alkali halides. V. Temperature and pressure dependence of excess free energies in water

A simple equation has been derived relating the temperature dependence of activity functions with excess enthalpies and excess heat capacities. Using experimentally determined parameters at 298.15°K, it is possible to predict osmotic coefficients and mean activity coefficients of alkali halides in water up to 1 m from 273°K to about 350°K. In general, the predicted functions agree with the measured values within the uncertainty of the activity data. An equation is also given for the pressure dependence of the excess free energies, but it was not possible to check the limitation of this equation due to lack of activity data at various pressures.To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

XPS characterization of wood chemical composition after heat‐treatment

XPS was used to characterize the chemical changes occurring after drying or applying a heat‐treatment to beech wood samples. Our results indicate that the surface of this air‐exposed material could be strongly affected either by the ambient atmosphere during storage or by the complex atmosphere in the oven during drying or heat‐treatment. However, the O/C ratio measured after removal of a thin slice of a few millimetres of an untreated sample is in reasonable agreement with that calculated from the well‐established chemical composition of beech. Through this methodology (equivalent to scraping for hard materials) it is expected to get a realistic characterization of the wood. The reliability and repeatability of the XPS measurements have been checked and the method applied to the study of the chemical changes of the beech samples subjected to heat‐treatment. Heating at 240 °C induces a significant decrease of the O/C ratio from 0.55 before to 0.44 after the treatment. Heat‐treatment induces also a decrease of the C₂ carbon contribution (carbon atom bound to a single non‐carbonyl oxygen) associated with an increase of the C₁ carbon contribution (carbon atoms bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms), in agreement with chemical modifications reported previously in the literature. Thanks to the small analysed area of the equipment used in this study, different spots were analysed to demonstrate the presence or absence of a gradient of chemical composition due to thermal degradation or migration of extractives from within the wood structure to its surface. At the scale of our observations, the different wood samples investigated (dried or heat treated) appear to be homogeneous. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微量元素及热处理对ZL107组织和性能的影响

ZL107合金具有良好的铸造性能和较高的力学性能,应用非常广泛,但目前还不能满足现代工程结构中大型、复杂、高强度重要铸件的要求.实验在原有成分的基础上,通过添加微量合金元素、混合稀土变质和选择合理的热处理工艺来进一步提高ZL107的综合力学性能.实验结果表明,改进后的合金经过金属型浇注、T5处理后的力学性能:σb为324.2 MPa,δ5为4.1%,HBS为102,比原ZL107合金分别提高了19.7%、46.4%和8.0%.改进后的ZL107合金不但具有较高的强度和硬度,而且具有良好的塑性,有望成为大型、复杂、高强度结构铸铝件的优选合金之一.     

小麦流态化干燥实验关联式及在热泵流化床谷物干燥中的应用

基于流化床干燥理论,采用热风循环充分的电热烘箱作为干燥器,对小麦进行了一系列的薄层干燥实验研究,模拟小麦流态化干燥过程,总结出适用于流化床小麦干燥时间预测的经验回归公式.开发了热泵流化床谷物干燥实验系统,并将小麦干燥的经验回归公式应用于此实验台的干燥实验过程.结果表明,小麦干燥经验回归式可用于预测小麦在流态化条件下的干燥时间,所开发的热泵流化床谷物干燥装置经济性合理,有市场应用前景.     

在非时齐马氏决策过程中的动态贝叶斯网络研究

提出了用动态贝叶斯网络（DBN）对非时齐马氏决策系统进行建模的改进方法，使动态贝叶斯网络能被更广泛地应用于各种复杂的真实系统中．该方法的基本思路是，将扩展后的隐藏变量引入DBN的演化过程来建立假设条件所要求的马尔可夫模型，给出从不完整的样本数据集以及存在隐藏变量时来学习DBN结构的算法，进而用贝叶斯概率统计方法对后来的时间片的充分统计因子进行估计，并通过当前已存在的和估计的充分统计因子对基于时间变化的转移概率进行学习，以解决假设条件要求的转移概率的时不变性．原理性分析和仿真实验结果也验证了改进方法的有效性．     

韧性材料的细观力学实验和数值模拟研究

引入能够定量描述内界面的细观统计参量-形状因子,定义了基于内界面形状因子的损伤变量,建立了相应的细观力学模型,探索细观组织演化和材料宏观响应关系的力学问题。通过宏细观相结和的方法,对韧性金属材料的内界面进行实验研究和数值计算。通过对比试验和数值计算结果,认为可以用形状因子能够反映材料细观组织的演化情况,用损伤变量能够表征材料的损伤程度。并得到了内界面演化随应变发展的演化方程。对于发展和应用宏-细观相结合的损伤力学理论,对阐明韧性材料的变形、损伤、破坏机制有重要意义。     

二元函数图形绘制及特征分析实验设计

介绍了二元函数及图形的相关数学知识和mathematica软件平台的相关知识，给出了二元函数及图形特征研究的内容与要求，完成了空间图形及交线、截面、相交面的图形的绘制及相关特征分析的实验设计。