Fermentation characteristics and the dynamic trend of chemical components during fermentation of Massa Medicata Fermentata

As a representative of traditionally fermented Chinese medicine, Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF) shows the functions of invigorating the spleen and stomach and promoting digestion, which plays an important role in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The fermentation mechanism and the key factors that affect the quality of MMF have not been revealed yet, which has become an urgent issue that limits its clinical application. This article aims to systematically and comprehensively reveal the transformation of physical properties and the dynamic trend of chemical components including substrate components, volatile components, and lactic acid as anaerobic fermentation product during MMF fermentation. Along with obvious hyphae growth observed for MMF, the weight of MMF decreased, and the moisture and temperature increased. Through the quantified 14 components from substrate, ferulic acid increased from 45.53 ± 6.94 to 141.89 ± 78.40 μg/g, while glycosides and phenolic acids declined except caffeic acid. Also, within the 66 volatile components analyzed, alcohols and acids increased, while aldehydes and ketones decreased. Lactic acid was not detected in the fermentation substrate, but an apparent increase in lactic acid content was observed along with the increased fermentation days, resulting in 2.54 ± 0.15 mg/g on day 8. Based on the tested components, the fermentation process of MMF was discriminated into three distinct stages by principal component analysis, and an optimal fermentation time of four days was proposed. The results of this study will be of great significance to clarify the characteristics of fermentation and conduce to improving quality standards of MMF.     

数字孪生驱动下永磁同步电机滑模变结构一体化解耦控制

提出数字孪生驱动下永磁同步电机（PMSM）滑模变结构一体化解耦控制方法,改善永磁同步电机控制能力。构建基于数字孪生技术的永磁同步电机控制结构,通过设备层采集实际永磁同步电机运行数据及环境数据,作为数字孪生驱动数据来源,孪生建模层依据获取永磁同步电机数据,构建永磁同步电机的数字孪生驱动模型以及虚拟场景,经虚拟模型与虚拟场景耦合后,在虚拟场景中还原永磁同步电机运行状态;在孪生控制层中设计精确线性化解耦控制方法,并构建速度、电流一体化滑膜解耦控制器,在虚拟环境中通过解决永磁同步电机速度与电流之间的非线性耦合问题,完成实体电机解耦控制;同时数字孪生控制结构各层之间通过孪生数据传输实现数据交换与指令下发,实现有效的电机控制。经实验验证：经该方法控制后,永磁同步电机可在负载突加与突卸状态下保持平稳的电流与转矩,同时还可以迅速调整电机转速,使电机保持在理想状态下运行。     

A High-Order Finite Difference Scheme for 3D Unsteady Convection Diffusion Reaction Equations北大核心CSCD

针对三维非稳态对流扩散反应方程,构造了一种高精度紧致有限差分格式,对空间的离散采用四阶紧致差分方法,对时间的离散采用Taylor级数展开和余项修正技术,所提格式在时间上的精度为二阶、在空间上的精度为四阶。利用Fourier稳定性分析法证明了该格式是无条件稳定的。最后给出数值算例验证了理论结果。     

滑模-矢量控制变频调速系统

本文介绍一种滑模-矢量控制系统。在矢量控制的基础上,采用滑模-PI控制方案,使系统获得优良的控制性能,克服了稳态时的震颠现象。系统由2片8031单片机和SPWM—GTR逆变器组成。在3kW异步电动机上进行的试验结果表明,该系统具有优良的动静态性能和较强的鲁棒性。     

Hopf bifurcation of a tumor immune model with time delay

In this paper, a tumor immune model with time delay is studied. First, the stability of nonnegative equilibria is analyzed. Then the time delay τ is selected as a bifurcation parameter and the existence of Hopf bifurcation is proved. Finally, by using the canonical method and the central manifold theory, the criteria for judging the direction and stability of Hopf bifurcation are given.     

Set controllability of Markov jump switching Boolean control networks and its applications

In this article, a novel method is proposed for investigating the set controllability of Markov jump switching Boolean control networks (MJSBCNs). Specifically, the switching signal is described as a discrete-time homogeneous Markov chain. By resorting to the expectation and switching indicator function, an expectation system is constructed. Based on the expectation system, a novel verifiable condition is established for solving the set reachability of MJSBCNs. With the newly obtained results on set reachability, a necessary and sufficient condition is further derived for the set controllability of MJSBCNs. The obtained results are applied to Boolean control networks with Markov jump time delays. Examples are demonstrated to justify the theoretical results.     

含信号调制噪声和频率波动的时滞分数阶振子的随机共振

本文研究了含信号调制噪声和频率波动的小时滞线性分数阶振子的随机共振. 利用分数阶Shapiro-Loginov公式和Laplace变换技巧,本文首先推导了系统响应的一阶稳态矩和稳态响应振幅增益（Output Amplitude Gain, OAG）的解析表达式,然后讨论了分数阶、时滞及噪声参数对OAG的影响. 结果显示,各参数对OAG的影响均呈现出非单调变化的特点,表明系统出现广义随机共振. 特别地,分数阶与时滞的协同作用可能诱导随机共振的多样化,这就为在一定范围内调控随机共振提供了可能.     

具有变时滞的偏泛函微分方程平凡解的一致渐近稳定性

运用Ｒａｚｕｍｉｋｈｉｎ技巧．对两类具有变时滞的偏泛函微分方程进行了讨论．获得其平凡解一致渐近稳定的充分判别条件．     

一种磁滞可调110/220 V自动切换系统

开发了１１０／２２０Ｖ电网自动切换系统,采用设置延迟时间和磁滞回线的方法,有效地防止了启动时误动作,避免在切换点附近频繁切换动作,讨论了延迟时间及磁滞回线回路的计算方法。