The effect of laser fluctuation statistics upon detection probability

The effects of laser beam irradiance fluctuations, such as speckle and scintillation, upon optical beam detection probability are examined in an entirely statistical context. The optical detector is assumed to possess a non-linear integrated log-normal response function, as is normally ascribed to the eye. Various statistical distribution functions purported to model these fluctuations accurately are examined from both numerical and analytical standpoints. The numerical results indicate that different models for fluctuation statistics predict detector threshold probabilities which differ from each other by more than 10%. Such variations may be significant in calculations relating to eye safety.     

Incommensurability in the magnetic excitations of the bilinear-biquadratic spin-1 chain

We study the magnetic excitation spectrum of the spin-1 chain with Hamiltonian .We focus on the range where the spin chain is in the gapped Haldane phase. The excitation spectrum and static structure factor is studied using direct Lanczos diagonalization of small systems and density-matrix renormalization group techniques combined with the single-mode approximation. The magnon dispersion has a minimum at until a critical value is reached at which the curvature (velocity) vanishes. Beyond this point, which is distinct from the VBS point and the Lifshitz point, the minimum lies at an incommensurate value that goes smoothly to when approaches , the Lai-Sutherland point. The mode remains isolated from the other states: there is no evidence of spinon deconfinement before the point .These findings explain recent observation of the behavior of the magnetization curve for . Received 16 December 1998     

A microscopic model for the intrinsic Josephson tunneling in high- superconductors

A quantitative analysis of a microscopic model for the intrinsic Josephson effect in high-temperature superconductors based on interlayer tunneling is presented both within a mean-field BCS evaluation and a numerically essentially exact Quantum Monte-Carlo study. The pairing correlations in the CuO₂-planes are modelled by a 2D Hubbard model with attractive interaction, a model which accounts well for some of the observed features such as the short planar coherence length. The stack of Hubbard planes is arranged on a torus, which is threaded by a magnetic flux. The current perpendicular to the planes is calculated as a function of applied flux (i.e. the phase), and - after careful elimination of finite-size effects due to single-particle tunneling - found to display a sinusoidal field dependence in accordance with interlayer Josephson tunneling. Studies of the temperature dependence of the supercurrent reveal at best a mild elevation of the Josephson transition temperature compared to the planar Kosterlitz-Thouless temperature. These and other results on the dependence of the model parameters are compared with a standard BCS evaluation. Received: 24 February 1998 / Revised: 28 April 1998 / Accepted: 23 June 1998     

钢中氢、氮、氧的来源及其控制

根据炼钢基本理论和生产实践积累的经验,分析了钢中O、N、H等有害杂质元素的来源,提出了上述几种有害元素的相应控制对策,给出了生产净化钢液的主要技术措施,探讨了今后待解决的重点技术问题和发展方向.     

真空灭弧室真空度免拆卸测量中磁场线圈设计

介绍了利用Π型线圈实现真空灭弧室真空度免拆卸测量的方法,并提出了相应的磁场设计规范．在此基础上,考虑磁场的大小和分布的均匀性,利用正交设计方法优化了线圈结构,获得了可满足测量要求的磁场位形．与空心圆柱线圈的测量结果对比表明,Π型线圈测得的离子电流略小,但总体来说,相差不大,可以满足实际使用要求．     

兖州煤加氢液化性能的评价

用两种间隙式小型高压釜,在不同条件下考察了究州煤的加氢液化性能,並与联邦德国加氢原料煤Wester holt煤和美国的Illinois 6号煤进行了对比。试验结果表明:兖州煤具有较高的加氢反应活性,它略高于后一种煤,明显高于前一种煤。以循环油为溶剂,拜尔赤泥为催化剂,在氢初压9MPa,435℃和60min条件下,兖州煤的转化率达84%:油产率为46%。     

强关联体系中的自旋与电荷密度涨落的共存性

对于具有晶格结构的固体、利用在相对论狄喇克方程的非相对论极限下得到的电子自旋－轨道相互作用，推导出自旋涨落一声子相互作用。利用此相互作用推导出自旋磁化率、电荷极化率、声子格林函数的一组自洽方程。然后，又讨论了自旋和电荷密度涨落的共存性及其对高温超导的影响。     

流水线用水玻璃砂VRH－CO_2法的研究

着重研究了水玻璃砂ＶＲＨ－ＣＯ＿２法流水线作业时如何调整真空度、ＣＯ＿２用量和添加剂等，以保证型砂起模时的即时强度，同时使０．５～３ｈ的短期存放强度在１ＭＰａ以上．实验结果表明：单纯用真空脱水或ＶＲＨ－ＣＯ＿２法都不能使水玻璃砂的短期存放强度满足流水线生产的要求，只有加入添加剂才可以使ＶＲＨ－ＣＯ＿２法取得最好的硬化效果；水玻璃模数及ＣＯ＿２用量都对水玻璃砂短期存放强度有一定影响．