建筑环境气流紊动特性研究综述

气流紊动特性是影响建筑热环境和人体舒适性的重要因素之一。该文从气流紊动特性对人体热舒适的影响和气流紊动特性的物理结构两个方面总结了建筑气流紊动特性的研究进展,其中重点介绍了清华大学在此方面的研究成果。综述表明,气流紊动特性对热舒适的研究目前主要还集中在湍流度和脉动频率两个参数上;自然风和机械风的气流紊动特性有着明显区别和联系,其机理有待于进一步研究。     

冻干蕨菜制品的研制

采用正交试验和现代干燥技术，研究了蕨菜冻干制品的加工工艺及其加工过程中的护色技术．结果表明：用0．20％NaHCO3烫漂液于95℃条件下水浴烫漂120s，蕨菜的护色效果最佳．经真空冷冻干燥(P≤20Pa，θ≤-45θ)，蕨菜冻干制品有很好色泽、天然香味和良好的复原性．     

穴盘育苗气吸式精量排种器的吸附性能

介绍了一种适用于穴盘育苗的新型气吸式精量播种装置的工作原理，对其吸种理论进行分析，得出了种子在吸孔气流作用下的数学模型．试验结果与数学模型基本吻合，得出了吸种高度随气室内真空度的变化以及在一定真空度下吸种高度随着吸嘴直径变化的关系．     

基于银薄膜/荷叶SERS效应直接检测婴儿配方奶粉中三聚氰胺

以天然荷叶为衬底,结合真空磁控溅射法沉积银薄膜,制备出了一种高效的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性基底.研究发现银/荷叶基底对婴儿配方奶粉中掺杂的三聚氰胺(MA)表现出良好的识别能力,而不需作额外的样品预处理.对掺杂不同浓度三聚氰胺的奶粉溶液进行定量分析,在5~50 mg/L质量浓度范围内获得了较好的线性关系(线性相关系数R20.99).根据3σ准则,检测极限估计为1 mg/L.此外,银/荷叶基底具有良好的均匀性和重复性(相对标准偏差为7.64%和10.54%).该方法对婴儿配方奶粉中三聚氰胺的检测具有简单快速、成本低且无损等优点.     

Escape of Brownian particles and stochastic resonance with low-temperature quantum fluctuations

In this paper, we investigate the escape of Brownian particles and stochastic resonance (SR) with low-temperatures quantum fluctuations by using the quantum Smoluchowski equations at low-temperature. Two specific examples have been considered: one is the example of bistable system, and the other is the example of metastable system. The explicit expressions of the mean-first passage time (MFPT) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for both specific examples are obtained, respectively. Based on the numerical compu...     

带有大初始值和真空的Navier-Stokes-Maxwell系统的整体解

考虑了Navier-Stokes-Maxwell系统的初边值问题,借助经典的能量方法和一些先验估计,获得了系统的整体球对称古典解。在这里允许真空和大初始值存在。     

Rapid identification of trimethyl and triethyl amines using sulphonic acidic ionic liquids: A time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry study of fragmentation reactions

The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) has emerged as a powerful tool for the unswerving detection of biomolecules, in particular, proteins and peptides. To date, there is very little information available on the direct determination of trimethyl/triethyl amines using TOF-SIMS. One major hurdle in this regard is an ultrahigh vacuum system, usually needed in TOF-SIMS, which hampers its usability to trimethyl/triethyl amines owing to their high evaporation rate. We designed an efficient and sensitive protocol for rapid identification and sensitive determination of tertiaryalkyl amines using TOF-SIMS. The amines were derivatized by reaction with 1,4-butane sultone and sulphuric acid sequentially to afford the corresponding sulphonic acidic ionic liquids (ILs). The TOF-SIMS analysis of these task-specific ILs (TSILs) was carried out in both positive and negative polarity. The positive ion mass spectra of TSILs showed sharp fragmented peaks for tertiaryalkyl amines at typical level and up to 10 ppm. The possible mechanism for different fragmentation pathways in positive polarity was discussed.     

Characteristic behaviour of plasma fluctuations inside a plasma bubble in presence of a magnetic field due to the formation of a potential well

Experiments were carried out to observe the effect of a magnetic field and grid biasing voltage in presence of a plasma bubble in a magnetized, filamentary discharge plasma system. A spherical mesh grid of 80% optical transparency was negatively biased and introduced into the plasma for creating a plasma bubble. Diagnostics via an electrical Langmuir probe and a hot emissive probe were extensively used for scanning the plasma bubble. Plasma floating potential fluctuations were measured at three different positions of the plasma bubble. The instability in the pattern showed the dynamic transition from periodic to chaotic for increasing magnetic fields. Time scale analysis using continuous wavelet transform was carried out to identify the presence of non‐linearity from the contour plots. The mechanisms of the low‐frequency instabilities along with the transition to chaos could be qualitatively explained. Non‐linear techniques such as fast Fourier transform, phase space plot, and recurrence plot were used to explore the dynamics of the system appearing during plasma fluctuations. In order to demonstrate the observed chaotic phenomena in this study, characteristics of chaos such as the Lyapunov exponent were obtained from experimental time series data. The experimentally observed potential structure is confirmed with numerical analysis based on fluid hydrodynamics.     

Synthesis and optical nondestructive evaluation of GaN nanorods on silicon surfaces with gold catalyst

Nanometric gallium-nitride rods were grown on a silicon (1 1 1) substrate through a chemical vapor deposition process with gold particles as the catalyst. Randomly distributed gallium-nitride rods of 20–200 nm in diameter and of various densities and lengths were formed under different deposition conditions. Characterization analyses, such as scanning electron microscopy and optical reflection spectroscopy, have been carried out on samples containing gallium-nitride rods different in size, shape, length and density. While the scanning electron microscopy shows directly the images of the sample surfaces, the optical spectroscopy provides a nondestructive evaluation of the sample surfaces, especially helpful for checking the uniformity of the samples.