遗传算法的物理解释

提出了一种理想化的模拟仿生搜索算法——扰动算法 ,以此方法为基础 ,分析了遗传算法的搜索过程和效率问题 ,阐明了遗传算法作为一种次优算法的有效性 .相对于遗传算法的生物解释 ,本文给出了相应的物理解释 .同时 ,本文为遗传算法、进化策略和模拟退火算法找到了一种统一的物理解释 ,揭示了这些重要的仿生类算法实质上的相似性 .     

Application of an Ion Beam Technique for the Design of Visible Light-Sensitive, Highly Efficient and Highly Selective Photocatalysts: Ion-Implantation and Ionized Cluster Beam Methods

As a new concept for the design of effective photocatalysts, an ion beam technology using accelerated metal ions, a metal ion implantation and an ionized cluster beam (ICB) method, have been applied to design unique photocatalysts. The metal ion implantation of TiO₂ and Ti-containing zeolites with highly accelerated metal ions (V⁺, Cr⁺, etc.) is useful in designing photocatalysts that can operate efficiently under visible light irradiation. Also, an ICB method with a low acceleration energy is useful in preparing transparent TiO₂ thin films on various types of substrates for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of pollutants diluted in water and air. The combination of the ICB method and metal ion implantation can develop the TiO₂ thin films that are able to operate not only under UV light but also under visible light irradiation.     

全要素生产率分析新方法:F(a)re-Primont指数

针对全要素生产率现有分析方法中存在的问题,基于全要素生产率的定义,引入F(a)re-Primont 指数,并对其性质和分解进行了介绍.首先,以距离函数为加总函数构造出F(a)re-Primont指数,并证明该指数满足乘法完备性和传递性;其次,结合相关效率概念的经济学内涵,将F(a)re-Primont指数完全分解为技术进步、技术效率变化、规模效率变化与剩余混合效率变化的乘积;最后,利用该指数对我国29个省区2001年～2010年的全要素生产率进行了实证分析.     

水资源的现状、利用与保护

介绍了世界以及我国水资源的现状,分析了我国水资源存在的各方而问题,列举了一些国外开发和保护水资源的经验和我国关于水资源的政策,并提出要坚持科学发展观,解决我国经济、社会发展中的资源、环境问题,尤其是水资源和水环境问题。对水资源问题的合理建议与应对措施,将对我国的水资源合理利用和保护起到一定的积极作用。     

主振荡功率放大装置中的放大自发辐射效应和能量提取效率

 建立了放大自发辐射(ASE)和相干激光能流耦合的模型,使用迭代算法,计算了长方体形状放大级中的ASE能流和相干激光能流的分布以及放大级出口0.5 m处的ASE分布,并讨论了入射光强、饱和光强对输出功率及能量提取效率的影响。对于增益区呈长方体、增益系数沿流场方向呈抛物线分布的放大级的计算结果表明：输入光的存在不仅会降低放大级中ASE光强的大小,而且将改变ASE的分布,使放大级中ASE能流的极大值向入口处移动;在饱和光强一定的情况下,输出功率和能量提取效率将随着入射功率的增大而增大;在入射光强一定的情况下,输出功率将随着饱和光强的增大而增大,而能量提取效率将随着饱和光强的增大而减小。     

An approach to evaluate the efficiency of y-ray detectors to determine the radioactivity in environmental samples

This work provides an approach to determine the efficiency of T-ray detectors with a good accuracy in order to determine the concentrations of either naturally occurring or artificially prepared radionuclides. This approach is based on the efficiency transfer formula （ET）, the effective solid angles, the self- absorptions of the source matrix, the attenuation by the source container and the detector housing materials on the detector efficiency. The experimental calibration process was done using radioactive （Cylindrical ＆ Marinelli） sources, in different dimensions, that contain aqueous 152Eu radionuclide. The comparison point to a fine agreement between the experimental measured and calculated efficiencies for the （NaI ＆ HPGe） detectors using volumetric radioactive sources.     

骨架非稠合的电子受体在聚合物太阳能电池中的应用

Non-fullerene electron acceptors have attracted enormous attention of the research community owing to their advantages of optoelectronic and chemical tunabilities for promoting high-performance polymer solar cells (PSCs). Among them, fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) are the most popular ones with the good structural planarity and rigidity, which successfully boost the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of PSCs to over 14%. In considering the cost-control of future scale-up applications, it is also worthwhile to explore novel structures that are easy to synthesize and still maintain the advantages of FREAs. In this work, we design and synthesize a new electron acceptor with an unfused backbone, 5, 5'-((2, 5-bis((2-hexyldecyl)oxy)-1, 4-phenylene)bis(thiophene-2-yl))bis(methanylylidene)) bis(3-oxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-indene-2, 1-diylidene))dimal-ononitrile (ICTP), which contains two thiophenes and one alkoxy benzene as the core and 2-(3-oxo-2, 3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene) malononitrile (IC) as the terminal groups. The synthetic route to ICTP involves only three steps, with high yields. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the non-covalent interactions, O…H and O…S, help reinforce the space conformation between the central core and the terminals. ICTP shows broad and strong absorption in the long-wavelength range between 500 and 760 nm. The highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of ICTP were measured to be -5.56 and -3.84 eV by cyclic voltammetry. The suitable absorption and energy levels make ICTP a good acceptor candidate for medium bandgap polymer donors. The best devices based on PBDB-T:ICTP showed a PCE of 4.43%, with an open circuit voltage (V_OC) of 0.97 V, a short circuit current density (J_SC) of 8.29 mA∙cm^-2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.55, after adding 1% 1, 8-diiodooctane (DIO) as the solvent additive. Atomic force microscopy revealed that DIO could ameliorate the strong aggregation in the blended film and lead to a smoother film surface. The hole and electron mobilities of the optimized device were measured to be 9.64 and 2.03 × 10^-5 cm²∙V^-1∙s^-1, respectively, by the space-charge-limited current method. The relatively low mobilities might be responsible for the moderate PCE. Further studies can be performed to enlarge the conjugation length by including more aromatic rings. This study provides a simple strategy to design non-fullerene acceptors and a valuable reference for the future development of PSCs.     

贝雷砂岩射孔损害区核磁共振实验研究

目的　根据对射孔损害区进行定性和定量的实验研究,分析该区形成机理及影响孔眼流动效率的因素; 方法　根据筛选粒度分析,在显微镜下测定岩石的岩性; 采用核磁共振实验对射孔后贝雷砂岩射孔损害区的岩石性能指标进行分析; 结果　核磁共振实验可定量分析射孔孔眼流动效率; 结论　损害区内岩石的孔隙度和渗透率明显下降,严重影响油井的生产流动效率;     

数据中心余热利用现状及在建筑供暖中的应用

碳中和背景下,将数据中心余热资源作为建筑供暖的热源,是降低建筑供暖碳排放的一种途径。为了系统掌握数据中心余热在建筑供暖中的技术应用现状,对近年来数据中心余热利用相关政策及标准进行了梳理,对影响数据中心余热利用的可行性因素展开了分析,整理了中外数据中心余热在建筑供暖中的应用案例。分析发现,政策与技术标准是数据中心余热回收利用的有力推动力;数据中心余热回收量受冷却技术、热量散发位置等多种因素影响,可以结合数据中心实际情况,综合选取余热回收位置;国外数据中心余热在建筑供暖中的应用较多,国内需要更多的实践和积累。     

某些抗营养因子及毒素对饲料利用的影响

饲料中存在着某些抗营养因子及毒素,它们以不同方式在不同程度上影响着畜禽对饲料营养的消化、吸收和代谢,降低了饲料的利用效率和畜禽的生产性能,严重者影响畜的健康。用某些物理、化学或生物学的方法可以钝化或消除抗营养因子及毒素的作用。