讨论式教学法的尝试

本文介绍了在高等教育教学中应用讨论式教学方式的试验和体会．这种教学方式对提高学生的智力、自学能力学习效率收到了较显著的效果     

复合冷凝空调机组的分析

以家用分体式空调作为节能改造对象,将传统单一冷凝改进为复合冷凝,即在压缩机排气管路上串联一个水冷冷凝器,吸收部分冷凝热制备生活热水。并在此基础上建立了分析模型。模拟计算结果表明,复合冷凝空调的目的效率得到了大大的提高,当空调的蒸发温度为0℃、冷凝温度为30℃时,空调目的效率由单一冷凝时的52%上升到70%。     

自发参量下转换双光子场的产生及其在光学计量中的应用

讨论自发参量魃光子场的产生机理，提出一种基于自发参量下转换双光子场绝在量子效率新方法。基于这一方法地光子计数型电倍增管的量子效率进行测量，并将实验结果与常规方法没得的结果进行比较。     

喷水室典型空气处理过程中空气流速的实验研究

针对纺织厂空调系统的核心-喷水室,研究喷水室内处理空气的冷却减湿和等焓加湿两个典型热湿交换过程。提出Re准数对传热传质有显著作用,而Re数的大小取决于流体速度。通过实验研究当空气流速从3m/s提高到5m/s时对喷水室热湿交换性能的影响,从而确定空气流动速度因素对两个热湿交换效率的影响趋势。根据拟合的数学曲线,总结出当空气的流动速度提高后,热湿交换效率相应提高。从而推动高速喷水室在实际工程中的应用。     

Purge efficiency in the determination of trihalomethanes in water by purge-and-trap gas chromatography

Purge-and-trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PT-GC-MS) has become an accepted method for the analysis of trihalomethanes (THMs) in water. The purge-and-trap technique is based on an efficient transfer of volatile organic compounds from the liquid (contained in the purge chamber) to the gaseous phase by bubbling with an inert gas. The aim of this work was to study the purge system's efficiency by means of several consecutive purge cycles lasting 11 min each of the same liquid sample. The concentration range chosen of THMs was very wide [5-200 μg L⁻¹]. The inert gas flow rate was 40 mL min⁻¹, and experiments were performed at temperatures of 25, 35 and 50 °C. Bromoform (CHBr₃), the least volatile compound, needed 19 cycles to be purged quantitatively at a concentration of 200 μg L⁻¹ and only 7 cycles at 5 μg L⁻¹ for a 25 mL sample at 25 °C. Chloroform (CHCl₃), the most volatile compound, required 4 cycles to be fully extracted at 200 μg L⁻¹ and 2 at 5 μg L⁻¹. Finally, Novak's theoretical model, based on the distribution constant between gas and liquid phases, was used to correlate the THMs purging extraction data.     

在DEA中有关输出与输入的比值的模型的探讨

对以决策单元的输出与输入的比值为目标函数的多目标规划模型,证明了有关它与(弱)DEA有效(C2R)关系的三个定理.     

Determination of As,Cd, Pb,and Hg in urine using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with the direct injection high efficiency nebulizer

The application of the large-bore direct injection high efficiency nebulizer (LB-DIHEN) for the determination of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is described. The LB-DIHEN is compared with the standard method using a concentric pneumatic nebulizer and cyclonic spray chamber. In addition to the toxicological significance of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg, these elements represent a cross-section of analytical issues including spectral interferences (e.g., ⁴⁰Ar³⁵Cl⁺ on ⁷⁵As⁺ and ⁹⁸Mo¹⁶O⁺ on ¹¹⁴Cd⁺) and memory effects (Hg). In this study, the low sample consumption of the LB-DIHEN is used to reduce the volume of urine needed for analysis, and to reduce the volume of final diluted sample required for analysis. Eliminating the spray chamber and reducing the dead volume of the nebulizer reduces memory effects, especially for analytes such as Hg. The Dynamic Reaction Cell (DRC) is used in this study to attenuate the background level of ArCl⁺ in spite of the increase in the solvent load and, in turn, the urine matrix (chloride) delivered to the plasma by the LB-DIHEN. This is the first report on coupling the LB-DIHEN to a standard autosampler for unattended sample analysis. The robustness of direct injection nebulization for routine analysis and the issues associated with automation of the sample introduction process are discussed. Although the figures of merit (sensitivity, limit of detection, and precision) determined for both nebulizers are slightly poorer for the LB-DIHEN than for the concentric pneumatic nebulizer, there is not a clinically significant difference between the results for both sample introduction systems. The accuracy of results is assessed using archived urine materials that are circulated by several different proficiency testing (PT) programs and external quality assessment schemes (EQAS). Results obtained using the LB-DIHEN were within the acceptable range established by a consensus pool generated using different methods, none of which are likely to be using direct injection nebulization. Internal quality control sample results obtained using the LB-DIHEN were compared to those obtained using the conventional nebulizer. Reported results were similar for both nebulizers. Thus, these results show that the LB-DIHEN is certainly feasible for the analysis of urine specimens.     

光学相干层析系统的耦合效率分析

在高斯光束传输理论的基础上，利用矩阵光学原理和高斯光束耦合理论，得出光学相干层析系统中参考反射镜的空间位置对系统耦合效率影响的表达式，并用计算机模拟系统的耦合效率与参考反射镜和棒透镜间的距离及参考反射镜偏转角度的关系曲线。实验结果和理论分析相符合。     

对十七大报告中关于效率和公平关系的思考

社会主义和谐社会的和谐点应该是效率与公平的均衡点。中国革命和建设的历程，就是不断追求效率与公平均衡统一的历史，不能忘记历史经验的警示：重视公平时压抑了效率，追求效率时又忽视公平；改革开放以来，我国在效率快速提高，GDP和人均收入普遍增加时，公平正义却遇到了空前的挑战，不公平的负效应是严重的，应引起我们的高度重视!当前在继续强调发展，提高效率的同时，必须更加突出公平，倍加关注社会弱势群体；通过深化改革，从制度、体制、政策等方面，切实保障弱势群体的合法权益。     

用于高速摄影变象管的软X射线光电阴极

光阴极由衬底(包括介质阴极的导电基底)和光电发射膜构成。采用了聚丙烯、Formvar和Paylene三种有机薄膜作阴极衬底。建立了这些薄膜的制备技术。用一台自制的软X射线单色仪在277—7469ev光子能量范围内测量了这些薄膜的透过率。 研究了CsI、CsBr、Au和MgF₂四种光电阴极的光电发射特性和光电发射与阴极厚度的关系,找出了最佳阴极厚度。用软X射线单色仪在277—7469ev光子能量范围内测量了最佳厚度阴极的绝对量子效率,四种阴极最大值分别为4.50、2.90、0.25和0.12。我们还在同一阴极衬底上分区制备了四种阴极,在变象管荧光屏上比较其亮度,结果和测量的一致。 用LAB5型表面分析仪对CsI和Au阴极的光电子初能量分布作了测量,CsI阴极光电子初能量分布半高宽远小于Au。因此CsI是适用于高速摄影变象管比较理想的软X射线光电阴极。