利用灭活啤酒酵母菌吸附溶液中铀的影响因素探讨

初步探讨了啤酒酵母菌吸附铀的特性,考察了溶液pH值、铀的初始浓度等对吸附能力的影响,得出最佳pH值为6.0,结果表明:啤酒酵母菌对铀的吸附量大,由Langmuir吸附模型得出q_(max)=196.1mg/g,最后研究了铀的解吸,用Na_2CO_3或NaHCO_3解吸效果较好,解吸率分别为87.8％和87.2％。     

攀枝花露天矿排土场边坡稳定性的三维数值模拟研究

矿山排土场边坡的稳定性评价及安全管理对矿山环境的保护和地质灾害的防治具有重要意义。针对攀枝花露天矿的排土场 ,在建立其边坡地质模型的基础上 ,利用 FLAC-3 D软件 ,建立了排土场边坡的三维模型 ,对边坡的稳定性进行三维数值模拟研究 ,获得了排土场边坡变形破坏的基本特点及稳定性的基本状况。模拟的结果和现场调查的结果基本一致 ,从而为该排土场边坡的进一步治理提供了依据。针对 FLAC-3 D不能直接建立几何模型的特点 ,开发了一个数据前处理程序 ,可以自动生成与 FLAC-3 D相匹配的模型数据文件。     

Binding of uranyl ion by 2,2′-dihydroxyazobenzene attached to crosslinked polystyrenes covered with highly populated quaternary ammonium cations

2,2′-Dihydroxyazobenzene (DHAB) derivatives were attached to poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PCD) because of the high affinity of DHAB for uranyl ion. Chloromethyl groups of PCD were converted to quaternary ammonium ions by treating them with tertiary amines. Two strategies were adopted to improve the uranyl-binding ability of the immobilized DHAB: (1) the creation of a highly cationic microenvironment around the DHAB moieties and (2) the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups to DHAB. Capacity of the resins for uranyl uptake was measured, revealing that about 10 to 46 mg of uranium could be complexed to 1 g of the resins. Formation constants (K_f) for the uranyl complexes of the resins were determined. In the presence of ≥0.02 M bicarbonate ion at pH 8.02, log K_f values of 14.3 to 15.8 were obtained. Uranium extraction from seawater with two kinds of resins prepared in this study was carried out on the east coast of the Korean peninsula. The amount of uranium extracted from seawater was up to 150 μg/g resin. Thus, the uranium-extracting capability of the DHAB-containing polystyrene resins was improved significantly by the structural modifications. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 4117–4125, 1999     

苯甲酰异羟肟酸分光光度法测定UO_22+

本文研究了苯甲酰异羟肟酸分光光度法测定铀(Ⅵ)的方法。在pH=3.5～4.0时,铀(Ⅵ)-苯甲酰异羟肟酸橙黄色配合物能被氯仿萃取。铀(Ⅵ)在10～100ppm范围内服从比耳定律,最大吸收波长为385nm。对萃取时酸度、试剂浓度、干扰离子的影响也进行了研究。     

氯化物熔盐体系中铀的化学种态研究进展

乏燃料后处理是未来先进核燃料循环体系的中心环节, 基于高温熔盐电解的干法后处理技术具有一定优势. 该技术通常在高温氯化物熔盐体系中进行, 采用电化学技术回收锕系元素, 并实现其与镧系元素的电解分离. 其中铀的分离回收是研究的重点之一. 为更好实现铀在熔盐中的分离与回收, 需要深入理解铀的电化学性质与其在熔盐中的配位化学性质的联系. 因此, 开展铀在氯盐体系中的化学种态研究至关重要. 本Review对国际上氯化物熔盐体系中针对铀化学种态的研究进展进行了总结归纳和提炼, 并对未来锕系元素在高温熔盐介质中的化学种态研究进行了展望.     

Biosorption of actinides from dilute waste actinide solution by egg-shell membrane

Removal of radioactive elements from the effluent and waste aqueous solutions is an important problem. In previous laboratory batch experiments, hen egg-shell membrane (ESM) was stable as an insoluble protein and was very capable of binding heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Batch laboratory pH profile, time dependency, and capacity experiments were performed to determine the binding of uranium (U) and thorium (Th) to ESM. Batch pH profile experiments indicated that the optimum pH for binding these actinides was approx 6.0 (U) or 3.0 (Th). The adsorption isotherms were developed at pH 5.0 (U) or 3.0 (Th) at 25°C, and the adsorption equilibrium data fitted both Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum uptakes by the Langmuir model were about 240 mg U/g and 60 mg Th/g dry weight ESM. In addition, their adsorption capacities increased as salt concentration increased. ESM could also accumulate uranium from dilute aqueous solution by adjusting to the optimum pH. These results showed that ESM was effective for removing actinides from solution and would be useful in filtration technology to remove actinides from aqueous solution. S.-I. Ishikawa is a research fellow at the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.     

功能化水葫芦生物吸附剂的制备及其对铀的吸附机理

采用氢氧化钠预处理—柠檬酸热改性的两阶段处理方法,对水葫芦(water hyacinth,WH)通过酯化反应引入外来羧基,制备成一种新型的功能化水葫芦生物吸附剂(modified water hyacinth,MWH).利用批次静态吸附实验,研究了pH、铀初始质量浓度、WH/MWH投加量、吸附时间等因素对WH/MWH吸...     

铀矿尾渣胶结充填体塌落度影响因素及预测模型

采用生石灰中和后的铀矿尾渣为试验骨料,水泥为胶结剂,试验了不同渣浆质量浓度和灰渣质量比条件下尾渣胶结充填体试件塌落度。利用自适应神经模糊推理系统(adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system,ANFIS)预测不同渣浆质量浓度和灰渣质量比条件下塌落度。试验结果和模型预测结果表明,在同等条件下,铀矿尾渣胶结充填体的塌落度与渣浆质量浓度和灰渣质量比均成反比;随着渣浆质量浓度变小,铀矿尾渣胶结充填体流动性变大,如果再降低灰渣质量比,铀矿尾渣胶结充填体会出现明显离析现象;铀矿尾渣胶结充填体塌落度ANFIS模型的预测精度较高,结果唯一且可靠;如果不同矿山铀尾渣物理参数相似性较高,则已知的铀矿尾渣胶结充填体塌落度ANFIS模型可以预测该矿山尾渣胶结充填体的塌落度。