基于统计变点检测的国际天然铀价格影响因素分析

铀资源是军民两用的重要战略资源,有必要研究其价格变化为政府决策提供依据.采用基于Schwarz信息准则的统计变点检测方法,识别出1990-2013年国际天然铀价格的多个均值-方差变点,据此将国际天然铀价格的变化分为稳中下降期、大幅上扬期、震荡回归期和持续下降期四个阶段.研究结果表明,核事故、二次铀源、核电政策是影响国际天然铀价格的重要因素,同时天然铀逐渐显示出其商品的属性,其价格受供需关系的影响明显.     

铀矿γ能谱测井铀等多元素含量分层解释法

与石油γ能谱测井用于追踪生油层等目的不同,铀矿γ能谱测井是为了直接获得铀含量的分布或找出非矿夹层,同时还能获得其他主要放射性元素的含量分布。这需要对γ测井资料进行分层解释。首先引入能谱型地质脉冲函数,对饱和矿体建立反映沿井轴方向各测点γ仪器谱与放射性元素含量分布之间函数关系的能谱型γ场正演方程。再引入分层解释思想,采用近似地质脉冲函数简化该方程,并进行三点式反褶积以获得薄层目标元素的含量等效窗计数率,进而得到对应的解释含量。实例计算表明,解释结果较好反映了铀等目标元素含量的实际分布;主要目标元素在矿体中间部位各层的平均解释含量相对误差低于6.5%。     

山南铀矿石耗酸机理初探

在分析山南铀矿地质、岩石矿物学特征及化学成分的基础上,对矿石的耗酸机理进行了初步研究.指出山南铀矿石耗酸量大与矿石中的碱性矿物含量,尤其是磷酸盐和碳酸盐的含量有密切关系.磷灰石的存在是山南铀矿石耗酸量大的主要原因.     

Photolytic and Reductive Activations of 2-Arsaethynolate in a Uranium–Triamidoamine Complex: Decarbonylative Arsenic-Group Transfer Reactions and Trapping of a Highly Bent and Reduced Form

Little is known about the chemistry of the 2-arsaethynolate anion, but to date it has exclusively undergone fragmentation reactions when reduced. Herein, we report the synthesis of [U(Tren^TIPS)(OCAs)] ( 2 , Tren^TIPS=N(CH₂CH₂NSiiPr₃)₃), which is the first isolable actinide-2-arsaethynolate linkage. UV-photolysis of 2 results in decarbonylation, but the putative [U(Tren^TIPS)(As)] product was not isolated and instead only [{U(Tren^TIPS)}₂(μ-η²:η²-As₂H₂)] ( 3 ) was formed. In contrast, reduction of 2 with [U(Tren^TIPS)] gave the mixed-valence arsenido [{U(Tren^TIPS)}₂(μ-As)] ( 4 ) in very low yield. Complex 4 is unstable which precluded full characterisation, but these photolytic and reductive reactions testify to the tendency of 2-arsaethynolate to fragment with CO release and As transfer. However, addition of 2 to an electride mixture of potassium-graphite and 2,2,2-cryptand gives [{U(Tren^TIPS)}₂{μ-η²(OAs):η²(CAs)-OCAs}][K(2,2,2-cryptand)] ( 5 ). The coordination mode of the trapped 2-arsaethynolate in 5 is unique, and derives from a new highly reduced and bent form of this ligand with the most acute O-C-As angle in any complex to date (O-C-As ≈128°). The trapping rather than fragmentation of this highly reduced O-C-As unit is unprecedented, and quantum chemical calculations reveal that reduction confers donor–acceptor character to the O-C-As unit.     

TBP对N,N-双取代单酰胺萃取铀(Ⅵ)的影响

研究了TBP对N ,N -双取代单酰胺萃取铀的影响 ,发现TBP浓度低时存在协同效应 ,TBP浓度高时出现反协萃现象。结合体系物理化学性质对上述实验结果进行了讨论。堆积模型结果表明协萃合物结构处于堆积稳定区     

Oxidation of a depleted uranium-5 wt% molybdenum (U-5Mo) alloy in UHV by AES and XPS

Early stage oxidation of a dilute-depleted uranium-molybdenum alloy was analysed in situ under ultra-high vacuum conditions by AES and XPS. At the equivalent of less than 300 ns at 1-atm O₂, U-5Mo oxidizes to form stoichiometric UO₂. No molybdenum oxidation is observed. After an oxygen dose of approximately 39 L, the oxide layer approached a limiting thickness of approximately 2.4 nm. The oxidation kinetics followed a logarithmic rate law, with the best fit to the experimental data for the oxide thickness, d, being given by d = 1.26 log(0.12t + 0.56). Changes in oxygen KLL and 1s peak positions associated with transformation from chemisorbed oxygen to metal oxide were observed at similar oxygen doses of 2.3 and 2.6 L O₂ by AES and XPS, respectively, which opens up the possibility of using well-characterized XPS chemical information to inform Auger peak shifts.     

原地浸出采铀数值模拟研究现状与发展

目前对原地浸出采铀的研究主要有室内实验、现场试验和数值模拟3种途径。由于地浸过程发生于地下含矿含水层,是一个多场多过程耦合动力学复杂系统,其过程较难观察和监测,使得运用室内实验和现场试验的研究存在一定的局限性。随着计算机技术的发展、地下水动力学理论研究的深入,数值模拟方法日益受到人们的关注与重视。介绍了地浸采铀数值模拟研究的内容、常用的软件和国内外研究现状,提出了存在的问题以及发展方向。