从“概念转变”到“概念理解”——科学概念学习研究的转向

当前国际科学概念学习研究显示了从“概念转变”到“概念理解”的转向。通过分析概念转变教学研究的结果,得出影响概念转变的关键因素在于学生对科学概念的理解。阐释了概念理解的内涵、特征,探讨了概念理解与高级思维的关系、概念理解水平、概念理解的教学和评价等内容。     

Students’ ways of understanding a proof

We present a model for describing the growth of students’ understandings when reading a proof. The model is composed of two main paths. One is focused on becoming aware of the deductive structure of the proof, in other words, understanding the proof at a semantic level. Generalization, abstraction, and formalization are the most important transitions in this path. The other path focuses on the surface-level form of the proof, and the use of symbolic representations. At the end of this path, students understand how and why symbolic computations formally establish a claim, at a syntactic level. We make distinctions between states in the model and illustrate them with examples from early secondary students’ mathematical activity. We then apply the model to one student’s developing understanding in order to show how the model works in practice. We close with some suggestions for further research.     

Recursive and explicit rules: How can we build student algebraic understanding?

Differing perspectives have been offered about student use of recursive and explicit rules. These include: (a) promoting the use of explicit rules over the use of recursive rules, and (b) encouraging student use of both recursive and explicit rules. This study sought to explore students’ use of recursive and explicit rules by examining the reasoning of 25 sixth-grade students, including a focus on four target students, as they approached tasks in which they were required to develop generalizations while using computer spreadsheets as an instructional tool. The results demonstrate the difficulty that students had moving from the successful use of recursive rules toward explicit rules. In particular, two students abandoned general reasoning, instead focusing on particular values in an attempt to construct explicit rules. It is recommended that students be encouraged to connect recursive and explicit rules as a potential means for constructing successful generalizations.     

结构化学教学中一些基本概念的理解与辨析

针对结构化学教学中经常遇到的一些十分重要又较难理解、模糊不清的基本概念进行介绍和讨论。这些概念甚至在一些化学教材中也经常混淆不清．     

信息资源管理思想及新认识

文章从信息资源管理的概念入手,对信息资源管理思想提出了新的认识。     

自我:心育之本体

实践心育的基础是清晰的心育理路:以素质为基础养育品质,重视素质向品质的转化;以自我统驭人心,做到智能、人格、精神和谐;言语与情感是自我的内在心义,言语是自我的脸孔,情感是自我中极其重要的生命事件;理解与体验是自我确立、发展的两条心路;习惯与意志构筑自我的运作轨道。有人性的自我心理学是心育的基本理念。     

辞格Zeugma理解的认知阐释——认知参照点理论的应用

Zeugma(轭式搭配法)作为一种自然语言现象一直是学者们研究的焦点之一。他们从多角度对Zeugma进行了细致的描述,取得了大量的成果,但对Zeugma的理解问题进行的研究则并不多见。本文试图从认知参照点角度,来对Zeugma的理解进行分析研究。     

多媒体--"两课"教育创新中的实践策略

多媒体为高校“两课”教学注入了生机和活力。现从多媒体在高校“两课”创新教育中的独特优势、运用时存在的误区及实践策略3个方面探讨如何有效利用多媒体,培养学生的创新精神和创新能力．     

模糊以致精确

本文论述翻译理解及表达中对精确信息与模糊信息的处理,阐明语言的模糊性与翻译转换的精确性应该是相辅相存、相互渗透的,在一定条件下可以实现转化。因而翻译时对语言精确性和模糊性不可偏废、不可夸大,才能制成好译文。     

基于改进的Zernike不变矩的图像重建

简要介绍了描述图像形状特征的Zernike不变矩，在给出Zernike不变矩定义的基础上，讨论了Zernike不变矩的改进，指出可以使用基于改进的Zernike不变矩的形状特征数据来重建图像；基于改进的Zernike不变矩进行图像重建的实验，结果证明了对其进行改进的可行性。