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971.
972.
973.
动力荷载作用下,心墙掺砾土的累积塑性变形和孔隙水压力的发展对心墙防渗体的安全至关重要.基于Bouc-Wen光滑滞回模型,考虑滞回圈捏拢效应,结合非关联流动法则,建立本构模型,模拟循环过程中土体产生的累积塑性应变和增长的孔压.通过糯扎渡心墙掺砾土均压固结和偏压固结状态的循环三轴试验,研究其动应力应变关系及孔压响应.将模型曲线与试验曲线进行对比分析,验证模型描述掺砾土动应力应变关系的合理性和有效性. 相似文献
974.
开发低投资、低能耗、低维护的生活污水处理工艺是解决农村污水处理问题的关键。采用无动力升流式厌氧生物滤池(UAF)与潜流式人工湿地(SFW)耦合工艺处理农村生活污水,考察了耦合工艺在不同水力停留时间(HRT)下对生活污水的处理效果,并通过增加SFW内的植株密度改善脱氮除磷效果。结果表明:UAF与SFW耦合工艺无动力消耗,免维护,适合农村地区的生活污水处理,对氮、磷的去除主要依靠SFW阶段完成,通过增加芦苇的植株密度可以明显增强SFW内生物的脱氮除磷能力,并保证UAF与SFW耦合工艺的处理性能稳定在较高水平。在t(HRT)UAF=18h,t(HRT)SFW=3d的条件下,UAF与SFW耦合工艺出水COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的平均质量浓度分别为44.07,4.25,13.36和0.44mg/L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准。 相似文献
975.
太阳能驱动的光电化学(PEC)水分解可以有效地将太阳能转化为化学能,作为解决环境排放和能源危机最具前景的途径之一,已经引起了科学界的广泛关注.PEC水分解系统由两个半反应组成:在光阳极上的析氧反应(OER)和光阴极上的析氢反应(HER).PEC系统的太阳能转化效率主要由光阳极/电解质界面的OER过程所决定,这是一个非常复杂且涉及质子偶联的多步四电子转移过程.钒酸铋(BiVO4)是应用于PEC水分解的典型且具有实际应用前景的光阳极材料之一.然而,由于不良的表面电荷转移、电荷在光阳极/电解质结面处的表面复合以及缓慢的OER动力学等因素,导致BiVO4的PEC性能受到严重限制.本文开发了一种新颖有效的解决方案,以低成本、高电导率和具有快速电荷转移能力的硫化钴装饰来提升BiVO4光阳极的PEC活性,X射线多晶衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征,研究结果表明CoS成功装饰于BiVO4表面.采用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-VisDRS)研究了BiVO4和复合光阳极CoS/BiVO4的光学性质,结果表明,与纯的BiVO4相比,CoS/BiVO4光阳极在可见光范围内光吸收能力有所增强.将制备的BiVO4和CoS/BiVO4光阳极应用于PEC分解水实验中,结果表明,相对于1.23 V可逆氢电极,在光照下,CoS/BiVO4光阳极的光电流密度显著提升,可高达3.2 m Acm-2,是纯BiVO4的2.5倍以上.与纯BiVO4相比,CoS/BiVO4光阳极的起始氧化电位显示出负向偏移0.2 V,表明析氧过电势得到有效减小.入射光子转换效率(IPCE)测试结果表明,CoS/BiVO4光阳极的入射光子转换效率在500 nm之前的可见光范围内得到明显提升,其中,CoS/BiVO4的IPCE值在380 nm处达到最大.此外,由于CoS的装饰作用,CoS/BiVO4光阳极的电荷注入效率和电荷分离效率均得到较大的提升,分别达到75.8%(相较于纯BiVO4光阳极的36.7%)和79.8%(相较于纯BiVO4光阳极的66.8%).电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果表明,通过CoS的装饰,CoS/BiVO4光阳极的界面电荷转移电阻得到有效降低,证明其界面电荷转移动力学得到有效提升.光致发光光谱测试结果表明,CoS的装饰显著提高了BiVO4的光生电子-空穴对的分离效率,进一步证明BiVO4表面的CoS装饰在其PEC分解水中起着非常积极的作用.本文为通过表面修饰设计应用于PEC水分解的有效的光阳极提供了新思路. 相似文献
976.
Textile and dye industries are main sources of dye bearing effluent. In present studies the anaerobic biological degradation of Acid Red 3BN dye water (AR3BNDW) and mixed dye water (MDW) for reduction of color and COD were studied in sequential batch reactor (SBR). The sludge as sources of microorganism was arranged from maize processing bio methanation wastewater treatment plant, which was acclimatized for treatment of AR3BNDW and MDW. After the acclimatization, dyes degradation were studied in SBR At optimum operation condition of hydraulics retention time (HRT) = 2.5 d, and treatment time (tR) = 16 h, AR3BNDW have gone maximum 87% color reduction of 500 mg/L dye, and 82.8% COD reduction of 380 mg/L COD. At same operating condition, 84.5% color reduction of 500 mg/L dye, and 79.42% COD reduction of 413 mg/L COD achieved for MDW. The second order Grau model was fitted well for COD and dye reductions. The kinetics parameter were evaluated for both the dye water. 相似文献
977.
In this study, the effect of photo-Fenton process on the treatment of petrochemical waste water treatment was investigated. The influence of process conditions were determined by factorial design. Optimization of the process conditions were performed by central composite design. Under, optimized conditions lab scale and solar assisted pilot scale of petrochemical waste water treatment was performed. Three factors namely initial pH, H2O2 concentration (mM) and Fe2+ concentration (mM) executed the essential role in petrochemical waste water treatment. Central composite design resulted in the prediction of optimized value as 6.5 initial pH, 15.65 mM of H2O2 concentration and 2.09 mM of Fe2+ concentration. Under these conditions, the reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) percentage reached about 68.67 ± 2.8% after 280 min in pilot scale of solar assisted photo Fenton process of petrochemical waste water treatment. Thus, experimental design combined with advanced Fenton process can become a feasible unconventional method for petrochemical waste water treatment. 相似文献
978.
Jyoti S. Gokhale Moreshwar P. Hude Ganapati D. Yadav Morgan Thomas Janusz Kozinski Ajay K. Dalai 《印度化学会志》2022,99(9):100647
An ongoing major outbreak of mountain pine beetle in Western Canada has provided a clear opportunity to utilize waste pinewood as a source of renewable energy. Therefore hydrothermal processing of waste pinewood as a feedstock for bio-oil and biochar production using subcritical and supercritical water technology was carried out in semi-batch mode to investigate the effect of pressure (200–400 bar) and temperature (300–400 °C) on the yield and composition of bio-oil. The pinewood samples have very high cellulose and hemicellulose content but low ash content and are thus a formidable feedstock for bioenergy production. The optimum conditions for the hydrothermal processing of the pinewood in a tubular reactor were found to be 400 °C and 250 bars with respect to biochar and bio-oil yield based on the highest calorific value analysis. Detailed characterization of bio-oil and biochar was performed using GCMS, NMR, SEM, calorific value, and elemental analysis, respectively. The critical components of bio-oil were found to be phenols, methoxyphenols, hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), and vanillin, whereas as compared to the raw pine wood, the biochar was considerably lower H:C and O:C ratios than those of the unprocessed pinewood. The analyses of bio-oil by means of GCMS and 1H NMR showed that it was mainly composed of heterocyclic compounds, phenols, aldehydes and acids. 相似文献
979.
利用太阳能光催化分解水制氢是解决能源环境问题并实现太阳能有效转化和储存最有前途的技术之一, 这一“圣杯”式反应经过几十年不懈努力取得了诸多重要研究进展. 本文将综述光催化分解水制氢体系的基本概念、活性测试方法与注意事项、光催化材料种类等; 并从光催化分解水制氢的光吸收、光生电荷分离和表面催化反应等基本过程和关键科学问题的角度总结其重要研究进展, 最后对于太阳能光催化分解水制氢的挑战和潜在的发展方向进行分析和展望. 希望通过本综述的简要介绍能让刚从事光催化分解水制氢研究的青年科技人员清晰地了解掌握该领域的一些基本概念、操作规范、研究总体进展和现状等. 相似文献
980.
Dr. Kristina Sorochkina Dr. Konstantin Chernichenko Prof. Dr. Vladimir V. Zhivonitko Dr. Martin Nieger Prof. Dr. Timo Repo 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(61):e202201927
Ortho-phenylene-bridged phosphinoborane (2,6-Cl2Ph)2B-C6H4-PCy2 1 was synthesized in three steps from commercially available starting materials. 1 reacts with H2 or H2O under mild conditions to form corresponding zwitterionic phosphonium borates 1-H2 or 1-H2O . NMR studies revealed both reactions to be remarkably reversible. Thus, when exposed to H2, 1-H2O partially converts to 1-H2 even in the presence of multiple equivalents of water in the solution. The addition of parahydrogen to 1 leads to nuclear spin hyperpolarization both in dry and hydrous solvents, confirming the dissociation of 1-H2O to free 1 . These observations were supported by computational studies indicating that the formation of 1-H2 and 1-H2O from 1 are thermodynamically favored. Unexpectedly, 1-H2O can release molecular hydrogen to form phosphine oxide 1-O . Kinetic, mechanistic, and computational (DFT) studies were used to elucidate the unique “umpolung” water reduction mechanism. 相似文献