Can clustering of liquid water and thermal analysis be of assistance for better understanding of biological germplasm exposed to ultra-low temperatures

Plausible effect of clustering of undercooled liquid water (pentamer configuration, icosahedra formation) is discussed showing water continuous but non-periodic patterns and its impact to the either formation of ice-crystals or ice-glass, particularly when making contact with plants. These processes are viable for the cryogenic storage of biological germplasm and subject for thermoanalytical studies aimed to the determination of glass transition temperatures.     

冷却方式对过冷压制PEN单聚合物复合材料的影响

为研究冷却方式对聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)单聚合物复合材料(SPC)的影响,分别采用了随机冷却、骤冷和自然冷却的方式,过冷压制成型了PEN SPC样品;使用DSC热分析法确定了冷却速度对PEN基体的影响;使用万能试验机比较了PEN SPC样品的力学性能. 研究结果表明:随机冷却的方式得到的PEN SPC的拉伸强度最小,拉伸模量最高,是由冷却速度慢导致结晶引起的;骤冷的方式得到的拉伸模量最低,是由冷却速度过快导致无定形引起的;自然冷却方式得到的拉伸强度最高,是由于适中的冷却速度有利于基体渗透.      

旋转磁场及快速凝固对Pb-Bi合金凝固组织的影响

研究了不同转速的旋转磁场对Pb-Bi合金凝固组织的影响,对于Pb-52%Bi亚共晶,旋转磁场能碎断枝晶,细化晶粒;对于Pb-66%Bi过共晶,旋转磁场能消除比重偏析。另外,采用硅油净化法结合水淬使Pb-52%Bi亚共晶和Pb-60.9%Bi过共晶分别获得了47 K和66 K的较大过冷度,对于Pb-52%Bi亚共晶,金属间化合物ε相枝晶细化显著;对于Pb-60.9%Bi过共晶,组织中没出现初生相Bi,只有细密的共晶组织。对于Pb-52%Bi亚共晶在快速凝固的同时加旋转磁场,过冷度由47 K增大为55 K,ε相呈细小颗粒弥散分布。     

Two-Phase Stefan Problem as the Limit Case of Two-Phase Stefan Problem with Kinetic Condition

Both one-dimensional two-phase Stefan problem with the thermodynamic equilibrium condition u(R(t),t)=0 and with the kinetic rule u_ε(R_ε(t),t)=εR_ε′(t) at the moving boundary are considered. We prove, when ε approaches zero, R_ε(t) converges to R(t) in C^1+δ/2[0,T] for any finite T>0, 0<δ<1.     

Rapid monotecticsolidincation during free fall in a drop tube

Droplets of Ni-31.4%Pb monotectic alloy with different sizes are rapidly solidified during free fall in a drop tube. The theoretical calculations indicate that the undercooling was achieved before solidification exponentially depends on droplet diameter. The maximum undercooling of 241 K (0.15Tm) is obtained in the experiments. With the increase of undercooling, the volume fraction of monotectic cells increases, and the L2(Pb) grains are refined. Calculations of the nucleation rates of L2(Pb) and a-Ni phases indicate that L2(Pb) phase acts as the leading nucleation phase during the monotectic transformation.     

Determination of interface width value in phase-field simulation of dendritic growth into undercooled melt

The influence of the interface width value on the simulation results and its dependence upon thermo-physical parameters in the phase-field simulation of dendritic growth into undercooled melt are investigated. After choosing the reasonable interface width value, the tip velocities of dendritic growth in Ni melt under different undercoolings are calculated and compared with the experimental data in order to benchmark our results. It is shown that the reasonable interface width value， which is determined by the undercooling, anisotropy, interface kinetic, and thermal diffusivity， has to be taken low enough, and the agreement of our results with experimental data verifies that the credible results can be achieved as long as the interface width value is adequately low. This paper provides the basis of determining interface width value in simulating dendritic growth into undercooled melt by phase-field approach.     

深过冷Cu-Ni-Fe三元合金自定向快速凝固

利用熔融玻璃净化结合循环过热,在２５～３０４Ｋ过冷度范围,分析了Ｃｕ－３９％Ｎｉ－６％Ｆｅ（ｗｔ％）三元合金凝固过程过冷组织的演化规律。确定了负温度梯度下实现自定向凝固的过冷度条件：下限为能够抑制快速凝固过程中形成的枝晶熟化的最低过冷度,上限为快速凝固过程中枝晶不发生准球状化转变的最高过冷度;就研究的合金而言,过冷度范围为１１０～１８０Ｋ。在定向凝固的过冷度范围内,无需人为控制固液界面前沿的温度梯度,而且,以点触发试样端部,可以获得单晶     

RAPID DENDRITIC GROWTH INVESTIGATED WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK METHOD

Rapid dendritic growth of γ-(Ni, Fe) phase, β-CoSb intermetallic compound and α-Fe phase was realized by undercooling Ni-10%Fe single phase alloy, Co-60.5%Sb intermetallic alloy and Fe-40%Sn hypomonotectic alloy to a substantial extent. Their experimentally measured dendrite growth velocities were 79.5m/s, 12m/s and 0.705m/s, corresponding to undercooling levels of 303K(0.18T_L), 168K(0.11 T_L) and 219K(0.15 T_L) respectively. Since the usual dendrite growth theory deviates significantly from reality at great undercoolings, an artificial neural network incorporated with stochastic fuzzy control was developed to explore rapid dendrite growth kinetics. It leads to the reasonable prediction that dendritic growth always exhibits a maximum velocity at a certain undercooling, beyond which dendrite growth slows down as undercooling increases still further. In the case of Fe-Sn monotectic alloys, α-Fe dendrite growth velocity was found to depend mainly on undercooling rather than alloy composition.     

Phase-selection and metastable phase formation in highly undercooled eutectic Ni_(78.6)Si_(21.4)alloys

A large undercooling (250 K) was achieved in eutectic Ni78.6 Si21.4 melt by the combination of molten-glass denucleation and cyclic superheating. The metastable phase formation process in the bulk undercooled eutectic Ni78.6 Si21.4 melts was investigated. With the increase of undercooling, different metastable phases form in eutectic Ni78.6 Si21.4 melts and part of these metastable phases can be kept at room temperature through slow post-solidification. Under large undercooling, the metastable phases β2-Ni3Si, Ni31Si12 and Ni3Si2 were identified. Especially, the Ni3Si2 phase was obtained in eutectic Ni78.6 Si21.4 alloy for the first time. Based on the principle of free energy minimum and transient nucleation theory, the solidification behavior of melts was analyzed with regard to the metastable phase formation when the melts were in highly undercooled state.     

Influence of isothermal approximation on the phase-field simulation of directional growth in undercooled melt

By using the phase-field approach,we have simulated the directional growth of alloys in undercooled moten states under the isothermal and nonisothermal conditions.The influences of the isothermal approximation on simulation results are discussed.We found that for undercooling greater than 25K,the isothermal approximation overestimates the interface growth velocity and reduces a critical velocity for an absolute stable planar interface,thus in this simulation,the uinterface morphology shows the plane-cell-plane transition with increasing initial undercooling of the mele,and the planar interface obtained under a large undercooling is absolutely stable.Whereas in the nonisothermal simulation,only plane-cell transition occures in the same range of the initial undercoolings of the melt,and the planar interface tends to be destabilized and evolve into cells.