米非司酮对晚孕大鼠肾超微结构的影响

目的 :探讨米非司酮对晚孕大鼠肾超微结构的影响。方法 :将妊娠 2 0dWistar大鼠 10只 ,随机分实验组与对照组 ,每组各 5只 ,灌胃法饲予实验组米非司酮 (11 5± 1 0 )mg /只 ,对照组每只给予食用麻油 1mL ,分娩后处死大鼠 ,取右侧肾脏作电镜观察。结果 :与对照组相比 ,实验组肾小体无明显改变 ,大部分肾小管上皮正常 ,局部肾小管上皮细胞出现胞质水肿 ,线粒体肿胀 ,嵴断裂 ,肾间质水肿增宽 ,间质细胞肿胀 ,甚至出现胞膜破裂、染色质边聚、核浓缩等坏死性改变。结论 :单剂量米非司酮用于晚孕引产可造成大鼠肾组织损伤。     

大鼠肝郁证所致冠心病心肌超微结构变化的研究

本研究观察了大鼠肝郁证动物模型的心肌细胞超微结构，结果显示实验动物心肌细胞的超微结构出现明显的变化，主要表现为线粒体嵴断裂、疏松，肌原纤维排列紊乱，脂褐素增多等． 这些病理变化为肝郁状态导致冠心病的研究提供了超微形态学上的依据．     

Spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure of Machilontus sp (Insecta: Archaeognatha) with phylogenetic consideration

The sperm structure of the jumping bristletail Machilontus sp has been described. The species shares several sperm characteristics with other genera of the same order Archaeognatha. During late spermiogenesis the spermatid bends at half of its length with the two limbs closely apposed within the same plasma membrane. The sperm has a helicoidal bi-layered acrosome with a filamentous perforatorium and a long nucleus. The elongated flagellum consists of an axoneme with 9 accessory microtubules external to the 9+2, two rows of conventional mitochondria and two accessory bodies. The accessory bodies are located lateral to the axoneme and are probably responsible for the shifting of the accessory tubules in two opposite groups of 5 and 4 tubules, respectively. These sperm characteristics represent common traits of all Archaeognatha.     

Comparative sperm ultrastructure of three species in Siniperca (Teleostei: Perciformes: Sinipercidae)

Siniperca chuatsi, Siniperca kneri, and Siniperca scherzeri are three of the most economically important sinipercid species. The ultrastructure and morphology of the mature spermatozoa of them are examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sperm consists of an acrosome-less head, a short midpiece and a long flagellum. Ultrastructurally, it has a homogeneously electron-dense nucleus in a granular pattern with nuclear lucent and a nuclear fossa excluding the centriolar complex. One to four mitochondria with lamellar cristae encircle the basal body of the flagellum in the midpiece. The cytoplasm surrounding the centrioles and the cylindric cytoplasmic channel contains glycogen granules and vesicles. Comprising the conventional 9 + 2 axoneme, vesicles and lateral fins, the sperm flagellum is inserted laterally on the nucleus, therefore the spermatozoon is asymmetrical. All of the spermatozoa of the three species are of the primitive or ect-aquasperm form and conform to the teleostean type II spermatozoa instead of the previously supposed type I. Variations in the shape of the heads, angles between the two centrioles, location of the cytoplasmic vesicles, mitochondrial number and structural characteristics of the lateral fins are notable among the three species. S. chuatsi is a sister-group of the other two species and is the most differentiated. The present study provides fresh insights to the comparative spermatology of Siniperca fishes and will be useful to the existing knowledge of the sinipercid fishes in systematic characters, biodiversity conservation and reproduction.     

Cell types in the esophageal epithelium of Anguilla anguilla (Pisces, Teleostei). Cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics

The esophagus is an important osmoregulatory organ in euryhaline teleost fishes; however, its histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics have been studied in few species. The structure of the esophageal mucosa was analyzed in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) and compared to the findings reported for other species. The histological features of the esophageal mucosa, the histochemical characteristics of mucosecretory cells in the epithelial layer and the ultrastructural features of the different cell types in this layer in animals caught in fresh water and raised in the laboratory were analyzed. The role of mucus as a protective covering and its role in ion transport an the esophagus are discussed. In addition, comments on the role of tonofilament-rich epithelial cells in ion transport are made.     

Molecular systematics and ultrastructural characterization of a forgotten species: Chattonidium setense (Ciliophora,Heterotrichea)

In the present paper we redescribe the ciliate Chattonidium setense Villeneuve 1937 combining morphological observations (live, stained, scanning, and transmission electron microscope) with behavioral notes and molecular data. Ultrastructural analysis revealed remarkable similarities between Chattonidium and representative members of the class Heterotrichea in cortical structure and cytoplasmic organization. The most similar genus for these aspects appears to be Condylostoma. To verify this relatedness, 18S rRNA genes from Chattonidium and from one Condylostoma species were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis indicates Chattonidium belongs to the class Heterotrichea defined according to the modern taxonomy, and confirms its relatedness with Condylostoma already hypothesized by Villeneuve-Brachon (1940). The presence of the aboral cavity complex, a unique feature never described in other ciliates, and its peculiar organization revealed by ultrastructural analysis fully justify, in our opinion, the maintenance of Chattonidium in the separate family Chattonidiidae, established by Villeneuve-Brachon in 1940.     

圆口铜鱼早期卵母细胞发生的超微结构

用透射电镜观察了圆口铜鱼早期卵母细胞超微结构,发现:第1时相,卵原细胞呈圆形,细胞核较大,核仁1个,由纤维中心、致密纤维组分、颗粒组分组成;核内异染色质少,常染色质多;细胞质中有1~2个核仁样体,线粒体数量少,其基质电子密度低,嵴不发达.第2时相,卵母细胞体积增大,核仁数目增多,形态上出现大小区别.早期细胞质中核仁样体增多,靠近核膜,不被线粒体包围;光面内质网较多,糖原颗粒均匀分布;线粒体出现聚集现象;中期线粒体包围核仁样体.晚期核仁样体由大变小,逐渐消失,细胞膜边缘开始形成胞质突起.第3时相,早期卵母细胞的细胞质形成大量突起,且越来越明显;中期放射带开始形成,滤泡细胞出现颗粒细胞和鞘膜细胞的分化,两种细胞的超微结构有显著差异;晚期卵母细胞周围胶原纤维发达,呈束状,鞘膜细胞扁平状,卵母细胞质中有丰富的细胞器.讨论了圆口铜鱼早期卵子发生的特点,并与铜鱼的卵子发生做了比较.     

河川沙塘鳢孵化腺的超微结构

为进一步了解河川沙塘鳢（Odontobutis potamophila）胚胎早期发育过程中孵化腺（Hatching gland,HG）的发生及其超微结构,采用透射电镜观察了河川沙塘鳢胚胎早期发育过程中心跳期、眼晶体形成期、血液循环期、眼黑色素出现期、孵化前期、初孵仔鱼期等6个不同时期的孵化腺超微结构。观察结果显示,河川沙塘鳢的孵化腺为单细胞腺体,最早可在眼晶体形成期观察到孵化腺细胞（Hatching glandc ells,HGCs）,主要分布于头部腹面、头部与卵黄囊连接处及其卵黄囊前腹面;当胚胎发育至血液循环期时,HGCs不仅在形态上达到最大,数量上急剧增多,而且分布更广泛;胚胎发育进入眼黑色素出现期时,可以观察到处于不同合成时期的酶原颗粒,每个酶原颗粒外面均有膜包围,颗粒之间有明显的界限;当胚胎发育至孵化前期时,HGCs在数量上达到最多,并且可以观察到呈圆球形、直径约为0．25—1．00μm的孵化酶颗粒自HGCs顶部的开口向外分泌,这些颗粒有的以单体形式存在,有些则粘结成团;初孵仔鱼期,HGCs分泌作用已经完成,它们离开胚胎表面,移至表皮细胞下方并逐渐衰退。以上结果表明,河川沙塘鳢孵化酶颗粒有一个成熟过程,成熟的孵化酶颗粒主要通过外倾方式向卵周隙中分泌以帮助胚胎的孵化破膜。