褐蚶(Didimarca tenebrica)精子的超微结构

应用透射电镜技术观察了双壳纲蚶科贝褐蚶精子的超微结构.研究结果显示:褐蚶精子由头部与尾部两部分组成.头部由顶体和细胞核构成,顶体在核的前端呈圆锥形,内部充满较高电子密度物质,顶体下腔内物质呈颗粒状分布;细胞核呈圆桶状,内部物质致密、电子密度高,无核前窝,但具核后窝.尾部由短的中段和细长的末段组成,中段由4个圆形线粒体环绕近端与远端中心粒构成;末段由轴丝及其外包的质膜组成,轴丝为"9+2"微管结构.     

共同性斜视眼肌的组织学研究

用光镜和电镜研究１１例共同性斜视患者手术切除的眼肌，结果表明，横 肌细胞发生进行性变性坏死，胶原纤维增生，与此同时，神经纤维减少甚至消失，说明共同性斜视眼肌和神经纤维的确产生病变，这些病变可能与感染有关。     

大黄鱼肝脏的显微及超微结构

为了解大黄鱼肝脏的结构特点, 采用石蜡切片-显微技术及超薄切片-透射电镜技术观察研究了健康大黄鱼肝脏的组织学结构特征. 显微观察显示, 肝脏表面覆有一层较薄的结缔组织被膜, 肝小叶之间界限不明显, 中央静脉不发达, 肝细胞索(板)排列不规则; 肝血窦相互吻合成网络状; 肝内小叶间静脉、小叶间动脉伴行; 肝内胆管系统由胆小管、小叶内胆管、小叶间胆管和支胆管组成; 小叶间胆管常与小叶间静脉、小叶间动脉伴行; 胰腺组织弥散分布于肝实质中. 电镜观察显示, 大黄鱼肝细胞界限清晰, 单核; 细胞质分布有丰富的核糖体和线粒体, 内质网发达, 含有丰富的糖原颗粒和大小不等的脂滴; 枯否氏细胞具伪足, 细胞质内含有吞噬泡; 贮脂细胞内含有大小不等的脂滴; 狄氏隙及胆小管腔内充满丰富的微绒毛. 大黄鱼肝脏组织结构与其他硬骨鱼类基本相似.     

泽蛙卵母细胞的卵黄膜结构在输卵管直段中发生的变化

本文报道泽蛙卵母细胞从腹腔进入输卵管直段之后其卵黄膜超微结构发生的变化,以及输卵管直段提取物在体外孵育卵母细胞后卵黄膜结构的变化。腹腔中的卵母细胞的卵黄膜由粗大的纤维束构成。纤维束走向纵横交错。组成纤维束的纤维相互结合成致密状态。卵母细胞进入输卵管直段后,构成卵黄膜的纤维束中的纤维变成松散结合状态。用输卵管直段提取物体外孵育卵母细胞后,构成卵黄膜的纤维束部分地松散开。用Sephadex G-200分离输卵管直段提取物后,可以得到四个蛋白质吸收峰。其中第三峰洗脱液孵育卵母细胞后能使母卵细胞卵黄膜结构产生如同在直段中产生的变化。卵母细胞卵黄膜结构在直段中发生的这种变化可能有利于精子穿越卵黄膜进入卵母细胞中。     

湖北光敏感核不育水稻发育过程中叶绿体超微结构的变化

研究了不同光周期处理下湖北光敏感核不育水稻农垦５８Ｓ个体发育过程中，叶绿体超微结构的变化，结果表明：长日照处理前，农垦５８Ｓ与农垦５８品种的叶绿体结构无明显差异；叶绿体结构变化发生在长日照处理之后，此时，水稻发育处于第二次枝梗原基形成期，变化了的叶绿体有以下几种类型：①基质片层与基粒片层结构均存在，但排列分布紊乱，基粒的大小、数目有异，②缺乏基质片层，③完全缺乏类囊体膜结构，在叶绿体类囊体膜结构退化时，往往伴随着嗜锇颗粒数目的剧增；当叶绿体结构不完善时，线粒体也发生退化，如外形变化较大，外膜模糊，嗜锇颗粒的数目减少，细胞器基本物质电子密度降低．     

组培玉簪黄化叶的细胞学研究

利用透射电镜，对组培五簪黄化叶进行初步研究，结果表明，超微结构下，黄化叶的叶绿体片层结构最终完全褪化，在细胞质内，出现了微纤丝束等特殊结构。     

妊娠40周后伴胎儿过熟综合征胎盘超微结构电镜观察

目的：从形态学角度研究足月妊娠后出现胎儿过熟综合征的病因，为提高对过期妊娠临床管理质量提供依据。方法：应用透射电镜对１２例足月妊娠后伴胎儿过熟综合征胎盘进行观察。结果：过熟综合征胎盘线粒体等细胞器出现缺氧、老化等形态学改变，观察到细胞基底部细胞突起的形态退变过程及合胞体细胞微绒毛形成的特殊结构。结论：胎儿过熟综合征的直接病因是由于胎盘老化、缺氧，使细胞失去正常形态结构和功能，甚至胎盘功能失代偿。提示临床应在妊娠足月后严密监测胎盘功能并及时发现，及时终止妊娠以预防胎儿过熟综合征的发生。     

Altered state of primordial follicles in neonatal and early infantile rats due to maternal hypothyroidism: Light and electron microscopy approach

Thyroid hormones (TH) are one of the key factors for normal prenatal development in mammals. Previously, we showed that subclinical maternal hypothyroidism leads to premature atresia of ovarian follicles in female rat offspring in the pre-pubertal and pubertal periods. The influence of decreased concentration of TH on primordial follicles pool formation during neonatal and early infantile period of rat pups was not investigated previously. Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy has irreversible negative influence on primordial follicles pool formation and population of resting oocytes in female rat offspring. The study was done on neonatal and early infantile control (n-10) and hypothyroid (n-10) female rat pups derived from control (n-6) and propylthiouracil (PTU) treated pregnant dams (n-6), respectively. Ovaries of all pups were removed and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Number of nests, oogonia and oocytes per nest, primordial, primary, secondary and preantral follicles were determined. Screening for overall calcium presence in ovarian tissue was done using Alizarin red staining. Morphology and volume density of nucleus, mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) in the oocytes in primordial follicles was also assessed. Caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL), both markers for apoptosis, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) for proliferation were determined in oocytes and granulosa cells in different type of follicles. In neonatal period, ovaries of hypothyroid pups had a decreased number of oogonia, oocytes and nests, an increased number of primordial follicles and a decreased number of primary and secondary follicles, while in early infantile period, increased number of primary, secondary and preantral follicles were found. Alizarin red staining was intense in hypothyroid neonatal rats that also had the highest content of dilated sER. Number of mitochondria with altered morphology in both groups of hypothyroid pups was increased. Apoptosis markers have not shown significant difference between groups but PCNA had an increased expression in the oocytes and granulosa cells in primordial follicles of hypothyroid rats. Light and electron microscopy analysis indicate that previously detected premature ovarian follicular atresia in pre-pubertal and pubertal hypothyroid rats is preceded with premature formation of primordial follicles followed by slight changes on sER and mitochondria in examined oocytes, and increased expression of PCNA.     

重金属镉对叶绿体超微结构的影响

重金属镉处理烟草植株引起叶片光合强度降低；处理离体叶绿体引起光合电子传递受阻，光化学活性降低。在经过电镜分析了镉对光合器超微结构的影响后认为，镉破坏光合膜结构．这可能是引起光合强度降低的主要原因之一。