纱线与织物风格的综合评价系统与表征方法研究——系统特征比较与基本参数确定

介绍了自行设计和研发的纱线与织物性能测量装置的系统特征和基本参数。实验研究表明该测量装置通过一次抽拔试样，可原位综合测量纱线或织物的质量、弯曲、摩擦、拉伸、松弛、压缩及剪切等力学性能，由此实现试样综合风格定量化的表征。     

Effects of electron irradiation on poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) copolymers studied by solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The effects of electron irradiation on the molecular chemical structure, conformation, mobility, and phase transition of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and trifluoroethylene (TrFE) copolymer have been investigated with variable‐temperature, solid‐state ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It has been found that electron irradiation converts all‐trans conformations of both VDF‐rich and TrFE‐containing segments into dynamically mixed trans–gauche conformations accompanied by a simultaneous ferroelectric‐to‐paraelectric (or amorphous) transition. The variable‐temperature ¹⁹F magic‐angle‐spinning spectra results show that the paraelectric phase melts at much lower temperatures in irradiated films than in an unirradiated sample. Moreover, ¹⁹F NMR relaxation data (spin–lattice relaxation times in both the laboratory and rotating frames) reveal that electron irradiation enhances the molecular motion in paraelectric regions, whereas the molecular motion in a high‐temperature amorphous melt (>100 °C) is more constrained in irradiated films. Besides these physical changes, electron irradiation also induces the formation of several CF₃ groups. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1714–1724, 2006     

高速气流纺杯芯轴振型与轴承受力的计算

本文在高速气流纺杯轴承系统临界速度计算的基础上,通过在刚性支承与弹性支承状态下,芯轴振型与轴承受力的计算、分析、对比,从理论上对弹性支承减震器的作用实质作进一步的探讨。计算结果显示减震器改变了芯轴振型,改善了其疲劳磨损,大大降低了轴承受力的动态峰值,因而对改善轴承的润滑条件、减小摩擦磨损、降低功率消耗、提高轴承使用寿命有重要意义。     

Theoretical analysis of non-uniform extensional flows in relation to processing rheology and predictions of some constitutive equations

In this paper, a characteristic equation involving the stream function, already given by one of the authors in a previous work for classifying axisymmetric incompressible flows, is re-considered. Non-uniform nearly extensional flows are derived as particular solutions from this equation. Using experimental data in the literature for polymer solutions and melts, it is proved that particular solutions of the characteristic equation lead to kinematics very close to those encountered in the fiber-spinning process. The kinematic equations satisfactorily correlating the fiber-spinning data are used in order to determine the ability of constitutive equations to predict realistic stresses in the flow domain. The rheological parameters of the fluids, obtained from experiments, are used for computation of differential and integral constitutive equations in the spinning conditions. Comparisons with the stress response of adequate constitutive equations are given and discussed.Also affiliated to: Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I and Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Associé au CNRS (URA 1510)     

Determination of the elongational viscosity of polymer melts by melt spinning experiments. A comparison with different experimental techniques

In this work, melt spinning experiments were tentatively used for the determination of the elongational viscosity of polymer melts at different levels of tensile strain and strain rate. The materials examined were two high-density polyethylene grades for blow moulding with similar number-average molecular mass but different polydispersity index. The data from melt spinning tests were compared with transient extensional viscosity data obtained by uniform isothermal tensile tests, performed by means of an extensional rheometer, as well as with those produced by converging flow tests (Cogswell model). The results showed that for high strain and strain rate levels, the melt spinning experiments provide elongational viscosity data quite close to the transient extensional viscosity values obtained from the tensile tests.     

Necking in non-isothermal high-speed spinning as a problem of sensitivity to external disturbances

Necking in non-isothermal high-speed melt spinning is treated as a problem of sensitivity to external disturbances at both ends of the spin-line. Necessary conditions for existence of necking are formulated in terms of the corresponding increments of velocities, forces, viscosities, etc. It is shown that necking may be present in the high-inertia range for a rather small viscosity variation. Small inertia effects require higher values of the radial viscosity gradients.     

旋涂速度对制备P3HT有机场效应晶体管性能的影响

采用溶液化的方法制备了以PMMA为绝缘层、P3HT为有源层的有机场效应晶体管.研究了P3HT有源层和PMMA绝缘层的旋涂速度对器件性能的影响.实验结果表明,当P3HT和PMMA的旋涂速度均为2 000 r/min时,器件的性能最佳.峰值场效应迁移率为6.84×10^-2 cm²·V^－1·s^－1.结果表明,选择适当的旋涂速度是一种有效提高溶液化制备有机场效应晶体管性能的方法.     

Solid-state NMR detection of 14N-13C dipolar couplings between amino acid side groups provides constraints on amyloid fibril architecture

Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) is a powerful technique for the structural analysis of amyloid fibrils. With suitable isotope labelling patterns, SSNMR can provide constraints on the secondary structure, alignment and registration of β‐strands within amyloid fibrils and identify the tertiary and quaternary contacts defining the packing of the β‐sheet layers. Detection of ¹⁴N? ¹³C dipolar couplings may provide potentially useful additional structural constraints on β‐sheet packing within amyloid fibrils but has not until now been exploited for this purpose. Here a frequency‐selective, transfer of population in double resonance SSNMR experiment is used to detect a weak ¹⁴N? ¹³C dipolar coupling in amyloid‐like fibrils of the peptide H₂N‐SNNFGAILSS‐COOH, which was uniformly ¹³C and ¹⁵N labelled across the four C‐terminal amino acids. The ¹⁴N? ¹³C interatomic distance between leucine and asparagine side groups is constrained between 2.4 and 3.8 Å, which allows current structural models of the β‐spine arrangement within the fibrils to be refined. This procedure could be useful for the general structural analysis of other proteins in condensed phases and environments, such as biological membranes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical simulation of a two-phase melt spinning model

We consider a two-phase model of melt spinning including flow induced crystallization. Introducing slight modifications in the model we perform numerical simulations on it. We present comparison of our velocity profiles with the experimental profiles provided by the company Freudenberg & Co.     

Melt Electrospinning

Melt electrospinning is relatively under‐investigated compared to solution electrospinning but provides opportunities in numerous areas, in which solvent accumulation or toxicity are a concern. These applications are diverse, and provide a broad set of challenges to researchers involved in electrospinning. In this context, melt electrospinning provides an alternative approach that bypasses some challenges to solution electronspinning, while bringing new issues to the forefront, such as the thermal stability of polymers. This Focus Review describes the literature on melt electrospinning, as well as highlighting areas where both melt and solution are combined, and potentially merge together in the future.