Optimized Synthetic Protocols for Preparation of Versatile Plasmonic Platform Based on Silver Nanoparticles with Pentagonal Symmetries

The key findings in the synthesis and transformation of silver nanoparticles with pentagonal symmetries arising from regular multiple twinning are reported, researched in the last 5 years. In a one‐stage photochemical synthesis of silver decahedral (pentagonal bipyramid, J₁₃ solid) nanoparticles (AgDeNPs), oxidative etching by hydrogen peroxide is implemented to achieve complete conversion of the small silver platelet precursor NPs. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is found to be optimal at 0.2 m . Such high peroxide concentration can be rationalized by its slow reactivity in a red‐ox equilibrium with borohydride and citrate. We have also adapted light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source and documented optimal exposure time, LED power, and wavelength range for convenient laboratory synthesis of high‐purity size‐selected AgDeNPs. In the absence of platelet impurities, AgDeNPs produce by the new‐generation procedure can be conveniently re‐grown into larger sizes using silver ions as a precursor. Thermal regrowth of new‐generation AgDeNPs into pentagonal silver nanorods (AgPRNPs, J₁₅ solid) can be reliably accomplished with the precise variation in rod length (by varying amounts of added silver) and width (by using different seed AgDeNPs). With the reported reproducible synthetic protocols that can be readily implemented in any chemistry laboratory, AgDeNPs and AgPRNPs should serve as a versatile plasmonic platform with a precisely tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from ca. 430 nm (rounded AgDeNPs) to 1100+ nm (longitudinal SPR of longer AgPRNPs). The plasmonic platform based on the reported AgNPs with pentagonal symmetries should be practical for a diverse range of applications, especially plasmonic sensing and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy.     

In-situ observation on the deformation behaviors of Fe-Mn-C TWIP steel

The microstructure and crack behaviour of twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel during tensile deformation was investigated with in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that there are two modes of plastic deformation during tensile test in the Fe-Mn-C TWIP steel: dislocation gliding and deformation twins. During the process of tensile deformation, secondary deformed twins are found. Inclusions have played a role in the course of ductile fracture, and microcracks initiate from inclusions and twin-twin intersections.     

多晶纯钛中应变率拉伸力学行为实验研究

利用MTS809和自行研制的中应变率材料试验机,在室温下对多晶纯钛进行了0.004~14 s-1的准静态至中应变率范围内的拉伸试验,得到了多晶纯钛的拉伸应力应变关系.试验结果表明,多晶纯钛的拉伸力学行为在准静态至中应变率范围内具有明显的应变率强化效应和应变硬化效应,且有随应变率增大而逐渐明显的绝热温升软化效应.金相观察显示,拉伸变形过程中伴随孪生机制且孪晶密度随加载应变率的升高而增大.基于Johnson-Cook模型,提出了通过引入综合绝热温升软化系数Ψ来计及与应变率相关的绝热温升软化效应的修正的热粘塑性本构模型.结果表明,该模型能较好地表征多晶纯钛在本试验应变率范围内的拉伸力学行为.     

Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Mn合金在293～723 K时的变形行为及微观组织演变

研究Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Mn 合金在应变速率为0.01 s-1、变形温度为293～723 K时的压缩塑性变形行为, 并在光学显微镜下观察合金在不同变形温度下的表面滑移线及孪生变形形貌与内部微观组织. 研究结果表明： 合金流变应力应变曲线在不同温度呈现出不同的形状, 加工硬化、动态回复和动态再结晶在不同的温度各自起到了重要的作用;在523 K以上时非基面滑移已被激活, 形变孪生在296～723 K范围都存在, 在673 K以上出现动态再结晶;动态再结晶晶粒优先在原始晶界和粗大第二相粒子处形核, 同时在723 K还观察到晶界弓出形核和＂孪生＂动态再结晶现象.     

薄带连铸取向硅钢的热轧孪生行为

薄带连铸流程下取向硅钢粗大λ晶粒(〈100〉//ND,normal direction)的“遗传”会导致磁性能恶化.为解决这一问题,针对取向硅钢的热轧孪生行为开展研究,结果表明:凝固组织粗大的取向硅钢在650℃热轧时可产生大量112〈111〉形变孪晶,这与具有高层错能的硅钢在较高温度下难以孪生变形的传统认知不同.热轧过程中复杂的应力状态降低了变形孪晶的取向依赖性,由于具有更高的储存能,孪晶界/孪晶界及孪晶界/晶界交叉点成为再结晶形核的优先位置,大大提高了常化过程中的再结晶率,受沿孪晶界应变分布及孪晶间距离的限制,沿孪晶界形核的再结晶晶粒通常呈“饼状”,最终形成以细小且取向漫散的再结晶晶粒为主的常化组织,消除了初始凝固组织中有害的粗大λ晶粒.     

晶体塑性有限元分析开孔对多晶板材力学性能的影响

基于 ABAQUS 子程序 VUMAT 二次开发平台, 将位错和孪晶的演化过程引入晶体塑性有限元方法(crystal plastic finite element method, CPFEM)中, 实现了多晶塑性材料力学行为的有限元模拟, 并通过试验和模拟结果的对比, 验证了所提出方法和二次开发程序的有效性. 应用含孪晶效应的晶体塑性有限元方法 模拟分析了孔洞对于板材开孔问题的影响, 结果表明: ① 当孔径小于板宽一半时, 强度损失采用线性近似估算值是偏于安全的, 而超过板宽一半时, 不宜采用线性估算值; ② 当孔距较小时, 孔径排布方式对开孔板材的韧性以及极限承载力有重要影响, 排布方式可分弱影响区、强影响区和过渡区 3 种模式. 对于承受单向拉伸荷载的板材, 开孔时应选择沿轴线排布的方式.     

Lamellar conglomerates

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添加锰对TiAl金属间化合物孪生变形的影响

本文研究了L1_0型TiAl和TiAl Mn金属间化合物的室温力学特性和变形亚结构。实验结果表明:添加合金元素Mn可以促进TiAl合金中的孪生变形,从而使其室温延性得以明显改善。建立了TiAl有序结构中孪生变形的位错模型,根据该模型,阐述了TiAl合金的孪生过程及其晶体学特征,重点讨论了合金元素Mn对TiAl合金孪生变形影响的机制,指出了超位错可动性增强和层错能降低是促进孪生变形的两个重要因素。     

In-situ strain localization analysis in low density transformation-twinning induced plasticity steel using digital image correlation

The effect of deformation temperature on the strain localization has been evaluated by an adapted digital image correlation (DIC) technique during tensile deformation. The progress of strain localization was traced by the corresponding strain maps. The electron backscatter diffraction analysis and tint etching technique were utilized to determine the impact of martensitic transformation and deformation twinning on the strain localization in both elastic and plastic regimes. In elastic regime the narrow strain bands which are aligned perpendicular to the tension direction were observed in temperature range of 25 to 180 °C due to the stress-assisted epsilon martensite. The strain bands were disappeared by increasing the temperature to 300 °C and reappeared at 400 °C due to the stress-assisted deformation twinning. In plastic regime strain localization continued at 25 °C and 180 °C due to the strain-induced alfa-martensite and deformation twinning, respectively. The intensity of plastic strain localization was increased by increasing the strain due to the enhancement of martensite and twin volume fraction. The plastic strain showed more homogeneity at 300 °C due to the lack of both strain-induced martensite and deformation twinning.     

Coherent X-ray diffraction investigation of twinned microcrystals

Coherent X-ray diffraction has been used to study pseudo-merohedrally twinned manganite microcrystals. The analyzed compositions were Pr(5/8)Ca(3/8)MnO(3) and La(0.275)Pr(0.35)Ca(3/8)MnO(3). The prepared loose powder was thermally attached to glass (and quartz) capillary walls by gentle heating to ensure positional stability during data collection. Many diffraction data sets were recorded and some of them were split as expected from the main observed twin law: 180° rotation around [101]. The peak splitting was measured with very high precision owing to the high-resolution nature of the diffraction data, with a resolution (Δd/d) better than 2.0 × 10(-4). Furthermore, when these microcrystals are illuminated coherently, the different crystallographic phases of the structure factors induce interference in the form of a speckle pattern. The three-dimensional speckled Bragg peak intensity distribution has been measured providing information about the twin domains within the microcrystals. Research is ongoing to invert the measured patterns. Successful phase retrieval will allow mapping out the twin domains and twin boundaries which play a key role in the physical properties.