Identification of defect sites on oxide surfaces by metastable impact electron spectroscopy

In this review, thin films of SiO₂ on Mo(1 1 2) and MgO(1 0 0) on Mo(1 0 0) have been characterized using metastable impact electron and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies (metastable impact electron spectroscopy (MIES) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy). The electronic and chemical properties of the thin films are identical to those of the corresponding bulk oxides. For different prepared defective SiO₂ surfaces, additional features are observed in the band-gap region. These features arise from vacancies or excess oxygen and are consistent with theoretical predictions of additional occupied states in the band-gap due to point defects. Extended defect sites on SiO₂ and MgO are identified using MIES by a narrowing of the O(2p) features with a reduction in the density of extended defect sites. MIES of adsorbed Xe (MAX) is also used to estimate the density of extended defect sites. Furthermore, it is shown that CO is an appropriate probe molecule for estimating the defect density of MgO surfaces. Upon Ag exposure, the change in the work function of a low defect MgO(1 0 0) versus a high defect surface is markedly different. For a sputter-damaged MgO(1 0 0) surface, an initial decrease of the work function was found, implying that small Ag clusters on this surface are electron deficient. In contrast, for SiO₂ no significant change of the work function upon Ag exposure with increasing defect density was observed. On MgO(1 0 0), the presence of defect sites markedly alter the electronic and chemical properties of supported Ag clusters. Such a strong influence of defect sites was not found for Ag clusters on SiO₂.     

Hydrogen-Related Paramagnetic Centers in Ge-Doped Sol-Gel Silica Induced by γ-Ray Irradiation

We have studied the generation mechanisms of H(II) paramagnetic centers in Ge-doped silica by investigating up to 10⁴ mol ppm sol-gel Ge-doped silica materials. We have considered materials with the same concentrations of Ge but that are produced by two different densification routes that give rise to different concentrations of Ge-related oxygen deficient centers (GeODC(II)). These centers are characterized by an optical absorption band at ∼5.2 eV (B_2β band) and two related emissions at ∼3.2 eV and ∼4.3 eV. The GeODC(II) content was estimated by absorption and emission measurements. The H(II) centers were induced by room temperature γ-ray irradiation and their concentration was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. The comparison between the two kinds of materials, obtained by different preparations, shows that the GeODC(II) concentration increases with the Ge content and is enhanced by vacuum densification. The comparison of irradiated samples shows that beyond the already known process of conversion of preexisting GeODC(II) into H(II) centers, another generation process of H(II) centers is effective that involves irradiation induced GeODC(II).     

隧道路面阻燃多孔沥青混凝土性能研究

目前常用的水泥混凝土隧道路面会出现抗滑性不足、噪音高、接缝损坏以及排水困难的问题，降低了隧道内的行车安全性．针对出现的问题，研究采用开级配抗滑磨耗层(OGFC)沥青混合料铺筑隧道路面．采用阻燃技术提高沥青混合料在发生火灾时的难燃性，同时提出OGFC的混合料设计方法．在此基础上，针对隧道路面的使用要求，研究了沥青混合料的渗透性、抗滑性、水稳性、降噪性和高温稳定性以及降噪性等性能．     

地铁振动荷载作用下饱和软粘土性状微观研究

位于或穿越饱和软粘土层中的地铁隧道在运营之后，沿轴线产生较大的沉降量，很大程度上与饱和软粘土在地铁振动荷载作用下土体微观结构的变形和破坏、发生残余变形有关．通过扫描电镜试验对饱和软粘土颗粒的微观性状进行了研究，从土的微结构基本单元的形状和大小、基本单元体的接触状态、基本单元体问的联结形式、孔隙的形状和大小以及土体变形3个阶段的力学特性等方面进行较深入的研究．另外，将原状土和循环三轴试验破坏后两种状态的土样作了对比，从微观的角度解释了土体的变形机理．研究成果对有效控制、避免或减轻隧道经过地区地面沉降灾害的发生，指导地铁工程的设计、施工以及地铁运行后沉降的预测评价和防治等提供了有价值的参考．     

晋普山煤矿锚杆支护技术

阐述了晋普山煤矿半煤岩巷道锚杆支护技术的设计方法及井下应用情况,介绍了锚杆支护矿压监测软件的组成和系统功能,并对今后煤矿锚杆支护技术的发展进行了展望。     

层次分析法在隧道布置型式中的应用研究

层次分析方法是一种定性与定量相结合的多目标决策分析方法，是解决类似隧道布置型式选择这种目标结构复杂且又缺乏系统资料的研究问题的一条有效途径．根据隧道布置型式的影响因素建立了递阶层次结构．建立了递阶层次之间的判断矩阵，计算各层次间的单排序及其一致性检验，最后进行了递阶层次的总排序及其总排序的一致性检验以及评价指数和综合性评价指数，得出择优选择隧道布置型式．图1，表2，参6．     

风洞实验中多通道测压管路系统的参数分析

为了掌握风洞实验中多通道测压管路系统的特性，基于耗散模型，分析了影响系统频率响应函数的各个参数，总结了多通道管路系统频响函数的定性规律，并指出在常用的几何尺寸范围内，影响频响函数的因素主要有PVC管的长度、内径和限制器的尺寸及位置，为设计多通道测压管路系统提供了依据．     

VPN技术及其在网络管理系统开发中的应用

利用虚拟专用网络(VPN)技术，开发了《普通发票使用监控查询系统》，该系统在不更改、不破坏原有网络的情况下，可以透明、有效、保密地传输程序中的数据。     

非磁金属中间层对磁性隧道结磁电阻效应的影响

用自由电子近似方法对具有非磁金属中间层的磁性隧道结的磁电阻进行了研究，从理论上讨论了非磁金属中间层对磁电阻的影响。数值计算结果表明，当外加偏压不同时非磁金属中间层的作用是不同的。在外加电压使电子从非磁金属中间层穿过势垒的情况下，非磁金属中间层的变厚可以增强隧穿磁电阻效应。这一性质可以用于磁性隧道结的优化。     

监控量测技术在通渝隧道出口段中的应用

重庆通渝隧道是“八小时重庆”工程的控制性工程，地质条件复杂，集涌水、岩爆、瓦斯、有害气体、塑性变形、高应力于一身，是典型的复杂条件下的长大公路隧道。在施工过程中，严格进行了新奥法监控量测指导施工，通过开挖面地质素描、拱顶下沉、水平收敛、锚杆轴向力、喷层应力、格栅拱架压力、围岩内变形、二衬应力等多项涉及围岩稳定性及支护合理与否的参数的跟踪量测，并及时将量测数据的散点、回归图等处理信息反馈给施工，以了解隧道开挖后围岩的稳定情况及采取相应的支护措施，实践证明效果可靠，隧道出口段掘进已突破l500m大关。