冷冻法卤水脱硝技术改进的研究

采用间歇冷冻法考察了不同降温速率下芒硝晶体粒度及分布情况,研究了芒硝结晶成长速率数学模型.结果表明,在卤水冷冻脱硝过程中通过控制降温速率为0.24℃/min,将过饱和度控制在介稳区内,利于结晶过程的操作,并且可以得到平均粒径为300μm芒硝晶体,以满足芒硝与卤水的沉降分离要求.     

预处理和速冻贮藏对马铃薯片质构特性的影响

质地特性是评估冻制马铃薯片质量优劣的重要指标。本文研究了漂烫、速冻和玻璃化贮藏对马铃薯片质地特性和细菌结构的影响,发现６５℃漂烫３ｍｉｎ对马铃薯片质地影响较小,其细胞结构保持较完好;速冻过程会大幅度地降低马铃薯片的质地,其细胞结构受损严重;在玻璃化温度以下（－２５℃）贮藏的马铃薯片地质地有小幅下降,其细胞结构也会进一步遭受破坏,本实验发现速冻过程是引起冻制马铃薯片质地下降的主要原因,在速冻和贮藏过     

黄瓜片冻结过程的数值计算及实验研究

在考虑热物性变化的条件下,用计算机模拟了黄瓜片的速冻过程,讨论了介质温度、传热系数和食品厚度对冻结时间的影响,并且与不考虑热物性变化的情况进行了比较。结果显示,考虑了热物性变化的计算结果更接近实验数据。     

微小井眼电机驱动连续管牵引器系统结构设计

微小井眼连续油管(CT)井下作业技术在钻井、测井、修井、完井、气举采油等方面优势突出,在中国应用前景广泛;但因微小井眼直径小,CT在井眼中不旋转,井下遇阻严重,送进困难,严重影响该项钻井技术的应用与推广。针对国内外牵引器的研究现状,设计了一种微小井眼井下电机驱动的CT牵引器,该牵引器主要包括上牵引器系统、六方中心滑管、下牵引器系统,直接利用四个伺服电机驱动与控制牵引器牵引井下CT进行顺利下入和取出,减少了利用循环液驱动时对液压能的依赖性和利用循环液压阀来控制管路的复杂性,节省了液压管路的空间,使作业过程能正常循环井底液体,可适用于小井眼井下牵引作业,稳定性好、牵引灵活,牵引速度快,解决了因井下CT摩阻较大,下入和取出困难等技术难题,增加了CT在井下能延伸长度,将促进我国微小井眼CT井下作业技术发展。     

连续油管在增产技术中的应用

连续油管作业技术与装备是一项具有巨大潜力和生命力的实用性技术。目前,该项技术的应用日趋活跃,备受关注。本文结合连续油管的特点,介绍了连续油管作业机的结构,重点研究了连续油管在增产作业方面的应用技术,以及配套设备的应用。     

Heterogeneous freezing on pyroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) thin films

Active deicing of technical surfaces, such as for wind turbines and heat exchangers, currently requires the usage of heat or chemicals. Passive coating strategies that postpone the freezing of covering water would be beneficial in order to save costs and energy. One hypothesis is that pyroelectric active materials can achieve this because of the surface charges generated on these materials when they are subject to a temperature change. High-quality poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) thin films with a high crystallinity, prefererd edge-on orientation, low surface roughness, and comprised of the β-analogous ferroelectric phase were deposited by spin-coating. Freezing experiments with a cooling rate of 1 K min⁻¹ were made on P(VDF-TrFE) coatings in order to separate the effect of different parameters such as the poling direction, film thickness, used solvent, deposition process, underlying substrate, and annealing temperature on the achievable supercooling. The topography and the underlying substrate significantly changed the distribution of freezing temperatures of water droplets in contact with these thin films. In contrast, no significant effect of the thickness, morphology, or pyroelectric effect of the as-prepared domain-state on the freezing temperatures was found.     

抗冻蛋白基因转化植物的研究展望

重新评估了用美洲拟鲽抗冻蛋白基因转化烟草的研究，认为植物耐寒性状的提高与转基因植物中冻抗蛋白含量呈正相关是转基因植物成功的关键性指标。美洲拟鲽抗冻蛋白的空间结构与冷冻诱导蛋白相似而且都保护细胞膜免受冻害，因而提出了用冷诱导蛋白调节元的顺式作用元件和反式作用因子的调控序列来控制抗冻蛋白基因在植物中冷诱导表达的思路。     

Thawing and freezing processes of active layer in Wudaoliang region of Tibetan Plateau

The interaction between permafrost and atmosphere is accomplished through transfer of heat and moisture in the overlay active layer. Thus, the research on the thermal and hydrodynamics of active layer during the thawing and freezing processes was considered a key to revealing the heat and moisture exchanges between permafrost and atmosphere. The monitoring and research on active layer were conducted because permafrost occupies about two thirds of the total area of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on the analysis of the ground temperature data and soil moisture data of monitoring near the Wudaoliang region of the Tibetan Plateau, the thawing and freezing processes of active layer were divided into four stages, i.e. summer thawing stage (ST), autumn freezing stage (AF), winter cooling stage (WC) and spring warming stage (SW). Coupled heat and water flow is much more complicated in ST and AF, and more amount of water is migrating in these two stages. Heat is transferred mainly via conductive heat flow in the other two stages, and less water migrated. Four water migration and coupled heat flow processes were addressed for the thawing and freezing stages, which are water infiltration driven by gravity, moisture advection and distillation driven by temperature and osmotic gradients, water migration driven by capillarity and unfrozen water migration driven by temperature gradient. The water content near the permafrost table tends to increase after one thawing and freezing cycle, which is the main reason for the development of thick ground ice layer near permafrost table.     

感受态细胞制备和质粒转化冰浴时间对大肠埃希菌转化效率的影响

通过研究转化实验中加入质粒DNA的量、大肠埃希菌感受态细胞制备和质粒转化过程中冰置时间长短对感受态细胞最终转化效率的影响,分析其最佳转化效率参数,优化感受态制备和转化方法.结果表明,加入质粒（pBR322）DNA量为1～10ng,感受态制备过程中菌液冰浴时间在30～60min,以及感受态细胞加入质粒DNA并混匀后的冰置...     

冻结壁稳定性的冻结管曲率检验法

本文综合应用冻结壁蠕变规律模型试验及数值模拟结果,分析了冻结管变形规律和冻结壁位移规律的关系,研究了冻结管变形曲率的数学表达式.在此基础上,提出了冻结管安全性曲率检验法,并以曲率检验法的观点探讨了冻结壁设计和工程施工中的若干问题.