冻结立井爆破近区井壁振动信号基线漂移校正和消噪方法

冻结立井爆破过程中,近区监测信号中含有的基线漂零及噪声成分对其局部特征精细化提取影响显著。在对近区井壁振动信号有效采集基础上,通过互补总体经验模态分解（complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition, CEEMD）方法、稀疏化基线估计消噪（baseline estimation and de-noising with sparsity, BEADS）方法和隐马尔可夫模型消噪（hidden Markov model de-noising, HMMD）方法等,解决了信号中基线漂移和随机噪声消除难题,并采用交叉小波变换对校正和消噪效果进行了相关性评价。实例分析结果表明：信号中缓变的基线成分遍历信号各个模态分量的整个过程,且主要集中于低频分量中,而噪声则集中在高频分量。组合分析方法对低频基线漂零和高频噪声的处理效果好,是一种高效且相对保幅的信号分析方法,可用于批量信号数据的预处理过程。

     

Rime- and glaze-ice accretion due to freezing rain falling vertically on a horizontal thermally insulated overhead line conductor

A theory of atmospheric icing due to freezing rain on an overhead line conductor (OHLC) is developed. The rain falls vertically on a horizontal OHLC that is thermally insulated. It is assumed that the collection efficiency of the accretion surface is unity and that this surface is in thermodynamic equilibrium with the environment.

For air temperature T_A 0°C and raindrop temperature T_D 0°C, the freezing rain accretes as rime ice, provided that the temperature of the ice surface T_l < 0°C. The evolution equation governing the mass transfer at the accretion surface is solved analytically, yielding the shape of the rime-ice surface. Equations governing the thermal state of the rime-ice deposit are also given. These determine the onset of wet growth or glaze accretion at the upper stagnation line during suitable environmental conditions.

For environmental conditions producing an ice surface at temperature T_l = 0°gC, the freezing accretes as glaze. Equations governing the heat and mass transfer at the surface determine the shape of the glaze surface and the downward viscous motion of the unfrozen water. For T_D < 0°C, glaze evolution equations are developed for T_A 0°C and T_A 0°C. Analytical solutions of these equations are obtained. In particular, when T_D < −T_A < 0°C, the evolution equation predicts a novel limiting growth that is triangular in shape. Further study of the mass and heat transfer conditions, in the neighborhood of this final stage of glaze accretion, shows that it is maintained in thermodynamic equilibrium with its warm air environment.     

Photoelastic stress freezing analysis of total shoulder replacement systems

Photoelastic stress freezing analyses in the orthopaedic literature have, in the past, been limited to studies where bone-on-bone, bone-on-metal or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)-on-metal constructs are modeled. In these cases photoelastic plastics are used to simulate either bone or UHMWPE as it interacts with a metal implant. In joints such as the shoulder, a UHMWPE component is often cemented directly into the scapula's glenoid concavity using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). While a photoelastic material can be used to simulate bone with proper load scaling, UHMWPE and PMMA have very different mechanical properties at elevated stress freezing temperatures as compared within vivo body temperature. In this study, materials were identified such that proper scaling of elastic properties at elevated temperatures was utilized to simulate the metal-UHMWPE-PMMA-bone construct. Stresses on orthogonal planes throughout the glenoid were compared for two different UHMWPE component anchoring geometries (keeled and pegged). High stresses were found at the neck of the glenoid and also at the component-bone interface beneath simulated PMMA inclusions.     

富水氢氧化铝污泥冷冻时间的预测

对描述平板状和圆柱状富水氢氧化铝污泥冷冻的一维非稳态热传导数学模型进行适当的参数简化,并结合修正的Plank表达式,用数值法和半经验法对平板状和圆柱状污泥的冷冻时间进行了预测.结果表明,数值法预测的冷冻时间和温度与实验测定值吻合良好,但此法较烦琐;半经验法预测的冷冻时间比实验值稍偏小,但此法较简便.根据预测结果可以得到,在冷冻环境为-15℃时,8mm厚的平板状或6mm圆柱状污泥从30℃冷冻到-5℃所需的冷冻时间均约为40min,这为冷冻装置工业设计提供了基本依据.     

Measurements of freezing‐point depression to evaluate rubber network structure. Crosslinking of natural rubber with dicumyl peroxide

An experimental approach based on the freezing‐point depression of a solvent in a swollen gel has been developed to characterize the structure of rubber networks. This property depends on the conditions required for the formation of crystalline nuclei, which are limited by the elastomer network restrictions. Information about the functionality, spatial distribution, and number of crosslinks can be obtained by the use of this easy and ready experimental method. Application of the tube model of rubber elasticity in the uniaxial stress–strain experiments of natural rubber samples vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide yields the characteristic parameters of the rubber networks, which are in concordance with the network structures predicted by the freezing point method. Finally influence of vulcanization conditions in network structure and its relationship with the mechanical properties was evaluated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 544–556, 2007     

冰冻干燥法保存花粉的研究

本文采用冰冻干燥法对白菜、泡桐、木香花的花粉进行处理,室温保存30～45天,花粉保持较高的生命活力。     

基于遗传算法BP网络的冻结方案优化设计

多圈管冻结方案设计与优化是深井冻结法凿井的一项关键技术,现今的理论和实践尚未成熟和完善,为此提出了基于遗传算法优化BP网络结构进行多圈管冻结方案的优化设计算法,将该算法求解的多圈管冻结设计方案与原方案进行了比较分析,表明了这种算法达到了较好的优化设计效果,为多圈管冻结方案设计及其优化提供了重要参考。     

基于回溯法油管传输射孔排炮算法研究

根据油管传输射孔特点,为减少射孔枪串接时在射孔井段产生的接头总长度,对如何得到油管传输射孔最优射孔枪串接方案进行了理论分析。采用多叉树对问题进行了数学建模,为减少对多叉树的遍历次数,减少计算机运算时间,采用回溯法搜索最优解,并在回溯法的基础上对算法进行了优化。测试结果表明,油层数据简单时,回溯法与遍历法频率相当;而当油层数据复杂时,回溯法频率变高,最后设计实现了基于回溯法的排炮软件。     

On the freezing and structure of hard spheres under spherical confinement

The equation of state and the structure of hard spheres confined in spherical pores have been investigated via molecular dynamics for different pore radii ranging from 5.0 to 10.0?σ, where σ is the particle diameter. The hard boundary is chosen to capture the pure geometric effect of spherical confinement. A discontinuity in the equation of state was observed, indicating the onset of a freezing-like phase transition, which was similar to that of the bulk hard-sphere fluids. The behaviour of confined particles resembles that of the bulk with increase in the pore size, while its deviation from the bulk is found to be larger at the solid-like phase. For the pore radius below 5.0, FCC-like crystal clusters are not formed in spherically confined hard spheres.     

Injection moulding of thermoplastics: Freezing of variable-viscosity fluids.

The injection moulding of thermoplastics involves, during mould filling, flows of hot polymer melts into mould networks, the walls of which are so cold that frozen layers form on them. An analytical study of such flows is presented here for the case when the Graetz and Nahme numbers are large and the Pearson number is small. Thus the flows are developing and temperature differences due to heat generation by viscous dissipation are sufficiently large to cause significant variations in viscosity (but the difference between the entry temperature of the polymer to a specific part of the mould network and the melting temperature of the polymer is not). Br Brinkman number - Gz Graetz number - h half-height of channel or disc - h ^* half-height of polymer melt region in channel or disc - L length of channel or pipe - m viscosity shear-rate exponent - Na Nahme number - p pressure - P pressure drop - Pe Péclet number - Pn Pearson number - Q volumetric flowrate - r radial coordinate in pipe or disc - R radius of pipe - Re Reynolds number - R _i inner radius of disc - R _o outer radius of disc - R ^* radius of polymer melt region in pipe - T temperature - T _ad adiabatic temperature rise - T _e entry polymer melt temperature - T _m melting temperature of polymer - T _max maximum temperature - T ₀ reference temperature - T _w wall temperature - flow-average temperature rise - u _r radial velocity in pipe or disc - u _x axial velocity in channel - u _y transverse velocity in channel or disc - u _z axial velocity in pipe - w width of channel - x axial coordinate in channel or modified radial coordinate in disc - y transverse coordinate in channel or disc - z axial coordinate in pipe - thermal conductivity of molten polymer - thermal conductivity of frozen polymer - scaled dimensionless axial coordinate in channel or pipe or radial coordinate in disc - ₀ undetermined integration constant - heat capacity of molten polymer - viscosity temperature exponent - dimensionless transverse coordinate in channel or disc - ^* dimensionless half-height of polymer melt region in channel or disc - H ^* scaled dimensionless half-height of polymer melt region in channel or disc or radius of polymer melt region in pipe - dimensionless temperature - ^* dimensionless wall temperature - scaled dimensionless temperature - numerical constant - µ viscosity of molten polymer - µ ₀ consistency of molten polymer - dimensionless pressure gradient - scaled dimensionless pressure gradient - density of molten polymer - dimensionless radial coordinate in pipe or disc - _i dimensionless inner radius of disc - ^* dimensionless radius of polymer melt region in pipe - dimensionless streamfunction - scaled dimensionless streamfunction - dummy variable - streamfunction - similarity variable - similarity variable