中国石油钢管的发展现状分析

指出了石油钢管在石油工业中的地位,不仅表现为用量大、花钱多,更主要的是钢管的质量、性能对石油工业的发展关系重大,并介绍了石油钢管主要包括油井管(钻杆、钻铤、套管、油管等)和油气输送管两大类;还进行了中国石油钢管发展现状的分析,对石油钢管企业的概况以及主要钢管企业的产品类型、生产能力进行了评述,显示了目前中国石油钢管制造行业的勃勃生机。     

海上油田关井期间井筒防凝措施研究

油井在长期关井时,井筒中流体温度将逐渐降低至环境温度。当井流物温度低至原油凝固点温度时,原油将在井筒内凝结,发生凝管现象。海上油田油井所处的自然环境及热力条件复杂且恶劣,井筒中结蜡及发生凝管的风险也远高于陆上油田。对海上油田关井期间井筒防凝措施进行了研究,提出了挤生产水防凝的新方法。并分析了该方法的可行性,为海上油田关井期间油井防凝方案设计及油田低成本、安全开发起到了一定的指导作用。     

连续油管冲砂解堵在水平井中的应用

冀东油田G104区块拥有水平井110多口,油藏岩石颗粒胶结疏松,出砂严重;原油属普通稠油,胶质沥青质含量高,凝固点低,导致了水平井筛管段严重堵塞及近井地带导流能力的下降,直接影响了产量。只能依靠除砂、解堵技术来恢复该区的产量。针对该问题,采用外径4.45cm连续油管 RotoPulseSM旋转脉冲喷射工具 一步酸、半加强型砂盐酸体系进行冲砂、筛管清洗和近井酸化解堵对该区6口水平井实施了作业。作业后产液量和产油量是作业前的1.8倍以上,作业有效期超过200天,增产效果明显。     

Heat‐shrink tubing as a solid‐phase microextraction coating for the enrichment and determination of phthalic acid esters

Heat‐shrink tubing, which shrinks in one plane only (its diameter) when heated, commonly used for sealing protection in electrical engineering, was found to be able to function as a solid‐phase microextraction coating. Its utility was demonstrated for the determination of phthalic acid esters in an aqueous solution combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with a UV absorbance detector. The preparation procedure was rather simple and only ～10 min was needed. The fiber cost is extremely low (～10 cent each). The parameters affecting the extraction were optimized. Heat‐shrink tubing fiber exhibited a significant enrichment effect for the three examined phthalic acid esters and up to 931‐fold enrichment factor was obtained. The limit of detection was <10 μg/L for all analytes. The operation repeatability and fiber‐to‐fiber reproducibility were 1.2–8.3 and 5.4–9.1%, respectively. It was successfully applied for the analysis of bottled drinking water with recoveries ranging from 90.1–100.5%.     

Organic monolith frits encased in polyether ether ketone tubing with improved durability for liquid chromatography

This study introduces a preparation method for polymer‐encased monolith frits with improved durability for liquid chromatography columns. The inner surface of the polyether ether ketone tubing is pretreated with sulfuric acid in the presence of catalysts (vanadium oxide and sodium sulfate). The tubing was rinsed with water and acetone, flushed with nitrogen, and treated with glycidyl methacrylate. After washing, the monolith reaction mixture composed of lauryl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, initiator, and porogenic solvent was filled in the tubing and subjected to in situ polymerization. The tubing was cut into thin slices and used as frits for microcolumns. To check their durability, the frit slices were placed in a vial and a heavy impact was applied on the vial by a vortex mixer for various periods. The frits made in the presence of catalysts were found to be more durable than those made without catalysts. Furthermore, when the monolith‐incorporated tubing was used as a chromatography column, the column prepared in the presence of catalysts resulted in a better separation efficiency. The separation performance of the columns installed with the polyether ether ketone encased monolith frits was comparable to that of the columns installed with the commercial stainless‐steel screen frits.     

基于自相似模型的气井管柱中流体的近壁压力试验研究

气井管柱内流体运动状态和近壁压力分布的确定对井筒安全和完整性评价有重要意义。从相似性原理出发设计气井管柱流体力学试验,通过尺寸比尺和流速控制实现模型与原型的几何相似和雷诺数自相似,采用试验和数值计算对气井造斜弯曲段管柱近壁压力进行对比研究,利用相对误差分析验证试验的可行性。结果表明:气井管柱室内流体试验满足雷诺数自相似下的几何相似条件;当取运动黏度为试验不变量时,管柱近壁压力的试验模拟结果与数值计算结果相比偏小,当试验压差为0~20 MPa时,近壁压力最大相对误差为4.12%,且压差越大,相对误差越小;随着生产压差(p_p=5~20 MPa)和油管内径(D=76.00~157.08 mm)的增大,管柱整体近壁压力和沿程压力降增大;造斜弯曲段流入端的局部压程比随油管内径增大而增大,流出端规律相反。满足几何相似和雷诺自相似条件的管柱流体试验是气井管柱近壁压力研究的有效手段。     

连续油管带筛管双重管柱岩屑运移模型研究

连续油管带筛管喷射侧钻多分支井钻完井一体化是一种新型的多分支井钻井方法,针对本技术连续油管和筛管所形成的双重管柱,开展岩屑运移试验研究,采用Monte Carlo方法预测岩屑颗粒进入割缝筛管与连续油管之间环空的情况,并计算环空中被岩屑颗粒堵塞的临界参数。结果表明:双重管柱岩屑运移存在悬浮层、跃移层、静止岩屑层以及筛管与连续油管之间的砂堵层。由于具有更小的环空过流面积,双重管柱的岩屑运移能力比常规连续油管钻井高。试验条件下,砂堵层不发生堵塞的临界条件是:当缝宽介于岩屑颗粒之间时,泵排量高于0.98 L/s,或机械钻速小于40.09 km/h,缝宽比岩屑粒径越大,临界机械钻速越小;当缝宽大于岩屑颗粒直径时,泵排量高于0.88 L/s或机械钻速小于5.74 km/h。     

连续管疲劳试验装置研制和实物试验研究

为了能比较真实地模拟连续管在实际作业工况条件下,即在弯曲和内压联合作用下的疲劳寿命,研制出了一套专门用来进行连续管低周疲劳寿命的实物试验装备。该装置可以在0￣70MPa的内压条件下测试直径范围为12.7￣88.9mm的连续管的疲劳寿命。通过对直径和壁厚为38.1mm×3.2mm的CT-80连续管进行初步实物试验,获得了连续管疲劳寿命(循环次数)与内压的关系曲线、连续管循环次数与胀径关系的曲线、连续管循环次数与椭圆度的关系曲线以及连续管循环次数与壁厚的关系曲线。实物试验结果与国际先进的软件预测结果一致。     

Coupled in-tube and on-fibre solid-phase microextractions for cleanup and preconcentration of organic micropollutants from aqueous samples and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Matrix interference removal is an important step when large volumes of aqueous samples are required to be processed to detect trace levels of analytes. A combination of two sample extraction methods has been used in this work with the aim of cleanup and preconcentration of analytes. For first objective, mild but preferential sorption of a range of analytes has been performed with in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing, and for the second, the eluate from in-tube SPME was subjected to on-fibre SPME using DVB/Caboxen/PDMS (30/50 μm) fibre. Knitting of PTFE tubing created secondary flow pattern that enhanced radial diffusion and retention of organic analytes. Up to 2 mg L⁻¹ of a broad range of substances that are not extracted by PTFE include nitrogen containing aromatic heterocyclic compounds, anilines, phenols and certain organophosphorus pesticides, thus providing a clean extract using this method of sample preparation. The proposed combination of in-tube and on-fibre SPME produced a rectilinear calibration graph over 0.03-150 μg L⁻¹ of a range of analytes using 60 mL of aqueous sample. The overall recovery of analytes was in the range 27-78%. The detection limits were between 6.1 and 21.8 ng L⁻¹. The R.S.D. was in range 5.4-8.2% and 4.2-6.5% in the analysis of respectively 2 and 20 μg L⁻¹ of analytes.     

浅析建筑常用排水管材的选择

随着科技的发展,建筑排水管材的选择也多样性起来,根据目前建筑行业常用的几种排水管材进行简单的优缺点分析。