双进口方形分离器气固流动特性的数值模拟

采用RSM湍流模型对双进口方形分离器的气相流场进行数值模拟,得到了分离器内的速度场和压力分布;同时采用拉格朗日模型对方形分离器内固体颗粒的轨迹进行模拟。结果表明:双进口方形分离器内速度场和压力场的对称性较好但气流旋转强度不大且容易衰减;不同粒径、不同位置入射的颗粒轨迹有较大差异,细颗粒入射时分离器内容易形成气流短路现象,颗粒靠近分离器顶部入射时分离器内容易造成上灰环现象,给方形分离器的分离效率带来了不利的因素。将方形分离器筒体的四角改为切形倒角,可以很好地改善分离器的流场,并能有效提高分离器分离效率。     

2005年热带气旋灾害特点初步研究

在对2005年南海和西太平洋热带气旋活动分析的基础上,着重就登陆中国的热带气旋的发生发展情况及造成的灾害特点进行了初步研究。     

城市屋顶花园的建设与效应

随着城市化、工业化的发展，城市的生态环境问题，如城市生物多样性、热岛效应等越来越受到人们的关注，屋顶花园作为一个重要的解决生态环境问题的途径．已被更多的城市重视并纳入规划之中。对近年来国内外城市屋顶花园的研究情况进行了综述，主要内容有：国内城市的生态环境现状、屋顶花园的优势、屋顶花园建设问题的探讨等，并对城市屋顶花园的发展前景进行了展望。     

旋风收尘器系统中高温净化焚烧烟气实验研究

实验研究了中高温区（450～780℃）带有水平进口烟道的旋风收尘器系统内石灰净化HCI气体的净化效果以及对石灰和石灰净化酸性气体HCI后的产物的收尘效果．研究表明：该系统在n（Ca）／n（a）为2左右时，石灰对HCI气体的净化效率为25％～55％，并在650℃左右出现峰值；石灰及其反应产物的收尘效率在50％～98％范围内变动并且随温度升高而下降，在650℃以下，收尘效率均高于70％．石灰及其反应产物在温度升高时因熔融和凝并使颗粒度增大；但同时它也容易在收尘器内壁粘附使收尘效率下降；维持收尘器内壁的光洁可提高收尘效率．综合考虑HCI净化和收尘效率，垃圾焚烧烟气的高温净化温度应在600-650℃范围内．     

上层海洋热力异常对西北太平洋热带气旋气候特征的影响

重点分析了1970-2003年期间西北太平洋的热带气旋活动特征与海洋表面温度、上层海洋的热力异常变化以及对流层低层的大尺度环流特征之间的关系.分析结果发现在西北太平洋海域,热带气旋活动趋势与上层海洋热力异常变化(上层海洋热含量)以及对流层低层的西风异常之间有着显著的相关关系,而与海洋表面温度无显著关系.并在此基础上探讨了这种关系存在的物理机制.     

西双版纳雨季次生林林窗定居种冠面温度特征

利用西双版纳雨季（7月）次生林林窗叶表温的观测资料，探讨了林窗内定居种冠层温度的时空变化特征。结果表明，因林窗不同区所接受太阳辐射的差异，加之林缘热力效应的综合作用，使得林窗定居种冠面在不同时段其最大热力作用区域是各异的；林窗各测点与中央的叶表温差区域分异显，特别是中午的分异最为明显。植株叶表温度与气温平衡在25.8℃附近，但因受日照、林缘树木的综合影响，不同方位达平衡的时刻不同：林窗南侧边缘叶表温与气温整天基本处于平衡状态，下午6时后受阴天和树冠荫蔽的影响，各测点叶表温与气温均处于平衡状态；在晴好天气状况及不受荫蔽状况下，叶表温高于气温，波动范围为0－3℃；15时雨后初晴，叶面蒸发耗热，叶表温低于气温。这种“峰值动态位移现象”可能会影响不同时期物种的入侵、定居、繁殖，进而影响林窗物种的组成。     

旋风分离器高温性能试验研究

为了预测温度对分离器性能的影响，选用一个直径为300mm的切流反转式旋风分离器在常温～973K的范围内进行了性能试验研究。试验用粉料为二氧化硅，其中位粒径为10μm；入口气速的变化为12～36m／s。试验测定了不同入口气速和温度下旋风分离器的分离效率与压降。结果表明，相同人口气速下，分离效率与压降均随温度的升高而降低。当气速达到最佳入口气速时，旋风分离器的分离效率最高，且最佳入口气速随温度的增加而增加。     

Antileishmanial Activities of Medicinal Herbs and Phytochemicals In Vitro and In Vivo: An Update for the Years 2015 to 2021

Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases that present areal public health problems worldwide. Chemotherapy has several limitations such as toxic side effects, high costs, frequent relapses, the development of resistance, and the requirement for long-term treatment. Effective vaccines or drugs to prevent or cure the disease are not available yet. Therefore, it is important to dissect antileishmanial molecules that present selective efficacy and tolerable safety. Several studies revealed the antileishmanial activity of medicinal plants. Several organic extracts/essential oils and isolated natural compounds have been tested for their antileishmanial activities. Therefore, the aim of this review is to update and summarize the investigations that have been undertaken on the antileishmanial activity of medicinal plants and natural compounds derived, rom plants from January 2015 to December 2021. In this review, 94 plant species distributed in 39 families have been identified with antileishmanial activities. The leaves were the most commonly used plant part (49.5%) followed by stem bark, root, and whole plant (21.9%, 6.6%, and 5.4%, respectively). Other plant parts contributed less (<5%). The activity was reported against amastigotes and/or promastigotes of different species (L. infantum, L. tropica, L. major, L. amazonensis, L. aethiopica, L. donovani, L. braziliensis, L. panamensis, L. guyanensis, and L. mexicana). Most studies (84.2%) were carried out in vitro, and the others (15.8%) were performed in vivo. The IC₅₀ values of 103 plant extracts determined in vitro were in a range of 0.88 µg/mL (polar fraction of dichloromethane extract of Boswellia serrata) to 98 µg/mL (petroleum ether extract of Murraya koenigii). Among the 15 plant extracts studied in vivo, the hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Solanum havanense reduced parasites by 93.6% in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Voacamine extracted from Tabernaemontana divaricata reduced hepatic parasitism by ≈30 times and splenic parasitism by ≈15 times in visceral leishmaniasis. Regarding cytotoxicity, 32.4% of the tested plant extracts against various Leishmania species have a selectivity index higher than 10. For isolated compounds, 49 natural compounds have been reported with anti-Leishmania activities against amastigotes and/or promastigotes of different species (L. infantum, L. major, L. amazonensis, L. donovani and L. braziliensis). The IC₅₀ values were in a range of 0.2 µg/mL (colchicoside against promastigotes of L. major) to 42.4 µg/mL (dehydrodieuginol against promastigotes of L. amazonensis). In conclusion, there are numerous medicinal plants and natural compounds with strong effects (IC₅₀ < 100 µg/mL) against different Leishmania species under in vitro and in vivo conditions with good selectivity indices (SI > 10). These plants and compounds may be promising sources for the development of new drugs against leishmaniasis and should be investigated in randomized clinical trials.     

风云气象卫星天气应用回顾和展望

近50年来,我国风云气象卫星从无到有、从弱到强,迄今为止已成功发射19颗风云系列气象卫星,现有8颗在轨运行,形成极轨、静止2个系列化、业务化的综合观测网.伴随着卫星所搭载仪器载荷的升级和观测能力的提升,风云气象卫星在天气监测方法和技术也实现了稳步发展.回顾了风云气象卫星和卫星气象学的发展,综述了气象卫星在天气应用方面的...     

Determination of pesticides in dried minor tropical fruits from Colombia using the Quick,Easy, Cheap,Effective, Rugged,and Safe method‐gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

The AOAC 2007.1 quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe official method, together with gas chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was applied for the analysis of 38 multiclass pesticides from dried fruits typically cultivated and exported from Colombia: uchuva (Physalis peruviana), lulo (Solanum quitoense), guanabana (Anona muricata), and pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus). The whole method was validated in terms of matrix‐matched calibration, matrix effect, and recovery using atrazine‐d₅ as internal standard, triphenylphosphate for quality control of the injection, and a proper mixture of analytes protectants. Matrix‐matched calibration data were found satisfactory for all pesticides and dried fruits, reporting R² values above 0.99. Matrix effect values evidenced the existence of such effect in most cases. The applied procedure gave satisfactory recovery percentages (70–120%) and relative standard deviation values (< 20%) for 92% of the 456 combinations pesticide/fruit studied (spiked levels of 25, 200, and 400 µg/kg). Finally, 20 real dried fruit samples were analyzed and residues of tebuconazole were found in two samples of uchuva at a concentration below the lowest calibration level of the method for one of them and at 10.8 ± 1.6 µg/kg for the other, being below or similar to the general maximum residue level established for monitoring purposes in food applications.