旋风分离器高温性能试验研究

为了预测温度对分离器性能的影响，选用一个直径为300mm的切流反转式旋风分离器在常温～973K的范围内进行了性能试验研究。试验用粉料为二氧化硅，其中位粒径为10μm；入口气速的变化为12～36m／s。试验测定了不同入口气速和温度下旋风分离器的分离效率与压降。结果表明，相同人口气速下，分离效率与压降均随温度的升高而降低。当气速达到最佳入口气速时，旋风分离器的分离效率最高，且最佳入口气速随温度的增加而增加。     

2005年热带气旋灾害特点初步研究

在对2005年南海和西太平洋热带气旋活动分析的基础上,着重就登陆中国的热带气旋的发生发展情况及造成的灾害特点进行了初步研究。     

上层海洋热力异常对西北太平洋热带气旋气候特征的影响

重点分析了1970-2003年期间西北太平洋的热带气旋活动特征与海洋表面温度、上层海洋的热力异常变化以及对流层低层的大尺度环流特征之间的关系.分析结果发现在西北太平洋海域,热带气旋活动趋势与上层海洋热力异常变化(上层海洋热含量)以及对流层低层的西风异常之间有着显著的相关关系,而与海洋表面温度无显著关系.并在此基础上探讨了这种关系存在的物理机制.     

西双版纳雨季次生林林窗定居种冠面温度特征

利用西双版纳雨季（7月）次生林林窗叶表温的观测资料，探讨了林窗内定居种冠层温度的时空变化特征。结果表明，因林窗不同区所接受太阳辐射的差异，加之林缘热力效应的综合作用，使得林窗定居种冠面在不同时段其最大热力作用区域是各异的；林窗各测点与中央的叶表温差区域分异显，特别是中午的分异最为明显。植株叶表温度与气温平衡在25.8℃附近，但因受日照、林缘树木的综合影响，不同方位达平衡的时刻不同：林窗南侧边缘叶表温与气温整天基本处于平衡状态，下午6时后受阴天和树冠荫蔽的影响，各测点叶表温与气温均处于平衡状态；在晴好天气状况及不受荫蔽状况下，叶表温高于气温，波动范围为0－3℃；15时雨后初晴，叶面蒸发耗热，叶表温低于气温。这种“峰值动态位移现象”可能会影响不同时期物种的入侵、定居、繁殖，进而影响林窗物种的组成。     

水力旋流器替代螺旋分级机分级的工业试验及其应用实践

本文介绍了攀钢密地选矿厂采用水力旋流器替代螺旋分级机进行分级的试验研究情况,并将该试验研究成果成功应用于该厂阶磨阶选工艺流程改造,使铁精矿产品质量从原来的TFe52.80%提高到TFe54%以上,取得了较好的经济效益。     

1949-2008年热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线的影响频次

为分析西北太平洋(含南中国海域)热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线影响频次的时间和空间分布规律,利用CMA提供的1949-2008年热带气旋最佳路径资料,采用统计和趋势分析等方法进行分析研究.结果表明,热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线的影响频次存在较明显的盛衰周期性波动,其中盛期持续时间(6年左右)只有衰期持续时间(12年左右)的一半左右;每年8月西北太平洋热带气旋对中国沿海商船舫线的影响最为频繁,7月份所生成的热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线造成影响的可能性最大.热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线的影响主要集中在海南至台湾海峡一带沿海水域,其中影响次数最多的为海南省以东18°N-21°N沿海水域,影响频次最高区域有明显的向北漂移的趋势.     

Logging damage and injured tree mortality in tropical forest management

Using insights from the forest ecology literature, we analyze the effect of injured trees on stand composition and carbon stored in above‐ground biomass and the implications for forest management decisions. Results from a Faustmann model with data for a tropical forest on Kalimantan show that up to 50% of the basal area of the stand before harvest can consist of injured trees. Considering injured trees leads to an increase in the amount of carbon in above‐ground biomass of up to 165%. These effects are larger under reduced impact logging than under conventional logging. The effects on land expectation value and cutting cycle are relatively small. The results suggest that considering injured trees in models for tropical forest management is important for the correct assessment of the potential of financial programs to store carbon and conserve forest ecosystem services in managed tropical forests, such as reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and payment for ecosystem services. Recommendations for Resource Managers

• Considering the role of injured trees is important for managing tropical forests
• These trees can cover up to 50% of basal area and contain more than 50% of the carbon stored in above‐ground biomass
• Reduced impact logging leads to a larger basal area of injured trees and more carbon stored in injured trees than conventional logging
• Injured trees play an important role when assessing the potential for carbon storage in the context of payment for forest ecosystem services.

     

Back to the future: A retrospective assessment of model‐based scenarios for the management of the shrimp fishery in French Guiana facing global change

While the number of models dedicated to predicting the consequences of alternative resource management strategies has increased, instances in which authors look back at past predictions to learn from discrepancies between these and observed developments are scarce. In the past decades, the French Guiana shrimp fishery has experienced shrimp market globalization and decreasing levels of shrimp recruitment due to environmental changes. In 2006, a bio‐economic model of this fishery was developed to simulate its possible responses to economic and environmental scenarios up to 2016. Here, we compare here these predictions to the observed trajectories. While the number of active vessels corresponds to that which was predicted, the estimated shrimp stock does not. Important driving factors had not been anticipated, including a general strike, natural disasters, and the end of the global financial crisis. These results show the importance of participative approaches involving stakeholders in the co‐construction and shared representation of scenarios. Recommendations for resource managers

• Effective fisheries resources management and a fortiori, the capacity of the fisheries to adapt to global change, requires understanding of both ecological and economics dynamics.
• The temporal trajectory of the trawling shrimp fisheries has been well monitored, and the decline of both stock and fleet is understood regarding ecological and economic changes: Changes in the environmental conditions of shrimp recruitment, and oil price increase and selling price decrease.
• However, our bio‐economic modeling work showed that, even with a good understanding of the dynamics explaining past trajectories, unpredictable events (strike, natural disasters…) have acted as other key driving factors altering the capacity of the model to represent possible futures.
• These results led us to recommend a better integration of the expertise of social and political scientists in developing models of bio‐economic systems to increase the quality of scenario predictions, and to argue for more participative approaches involving the stakeholders.

     

Sea surface temperature east of Australia： A predictor of tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific？

The relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) east of Australia and tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific (WNPTCF) is analyzed by use of observation data.The WNPTCF from June to October is correlated negatively to spring SST east of Australia.When the spring SST is in the positive phase,a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the upper troposphere and an anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the lower troposphere prevail over the western North Pacific from June to October,concurrent with an anomalous atmospheric subsidence and an enlarged vertical zonal wind shear.These conditions are unfavorable for tropical cyclone genesis,and thus WNPTCF decreases.The negative phase of the spring SST east of Australia leads to more tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific.The spring SST east of Australia may give rise to simultaneous change in tropical atmospheric circulation via the teleconnection wave train,and then subsequently affect atmospheric circulation variation over the western North Pacific.     

钱家营矿选煤厂重选方案优化

在对钱家营矿原煤特性分析的基础上,利用选煤优化软件进行计算机优化,得出钱家营矿选煤厂重力分选最佳方案:各层煤单独分选出不同的精煤产品或采用选后配煤的方法将单独分选出的产品混合,以获得用户要求的产品.该方案比混合分选或混合后分级入选精煤产率高,可为选煤厂带来更好的经济效益.