O3/NaClO协同氧化－吸附处理雨水的试验研究

采用O_3/NaClO协同氧化_吸附法对校园屋面雨水处理进行了试验研究。考察了粉末活性炭投加量、吸附时间、搅拌速度以及初始pH对COD、氨氮、TP和浊度去除率的影响;并进行了吸附等温线及动力学模型拟合。试验结果表明:粉末活性炭的最佳投加量为50 mg/L,最佳吸附时间为60 min,最佳搅拌速度为200 r/min,最佳初始pH为7时COD,氨氮,TP和浊度的去除率分别达到了68.87%,81.90%,78.79%,78.50%。COD和氨氮的吸附等温线更符合Freundilch模型,TP吸附等温线更符合Langmuir模型,拟二级动力学模型能更好的描述粉末活性炭对雨水中COD,氨氮和TP的吸附过程,相关系数均接近于1。     

无碱二元复合体系驱油机理研究

依据毛管数理论,传统观点认为界面张力越低,采收率越高,因此超低界面张力一直是评价表面活性剂界面活性的重要指标。基于并联岩心物理模拟试验研究了界面张力与提高采收率的关系,发现非均质油藏条件下低界面张力体系采收率高于超低界面张力体系。通过室内试验研究驱油体系形成乳液状态及粒径分布规律,揭示采收率与乳液粒径之间的关系。研究认为,低界面张力体系形成的乳液液滴粒径与高渗透层喉道尺寸匹配,能够有效封堵高渗透层,迫使更多注入液转向进入低渗透层,在扩大波及体积的基础上提高洗油效率,因此低界面张力体系比超低界面张力体系具有更好驱油效果。     

脱空对机场道面板接缝传荷能力影响分析

采用有限元分析方法和多组模型试验,对考虑板中脱空和板角脱空两种情况的机场刚性道面板接缝处的应力及传荷能力进行分析。结果表明,道面板接缝处的传荷效率、道面板板底最大弯拉应力随着板底脱空面积的增大而增大。对于相同的脱空面积,接缝传荷效率和板底最大弯拉应力随着地基反应模量的增大而减小;而且板中脱空状态下的传荷效率略高于板角脱空状态下的传荷效率,板中脱空对脱空面积的反应比较敏感,这说明板中脱空对道面板产生的危害比板角脱空对道面板产生的危害要严重。     

非瑞利杂波中两种非参量检测器的渐近性能

选择韦伯分布和对数正态分布为两种非瑞利杂波模型,推导广义符号(GS)和Mann-Whitney(MW)检测器相对于最佳线性参量检测器的渐近相对效率(ARE)的计算公式.采用Monte Carlo和Simpson数值积分方法对ARE进行仿真.结果表明,GS和MW的渐近相对效率随着杂波偏离瑞利分布程度的加强而增加;检测器在对数正态分布杂波中的渐近性能优于韦伯杂波;在相同条件下,MW检测器的渐近性能优于GS检测器.     

On the robustness of non-linear personalized price combinatorial auctions

Though the VCG auction assumes a central place in the mechanism design literature, there are a number of reasons for favoring Iterative Combinatorial Auctions (ICAs). Several promising ICA formats were developed based on primal–dual and subgradient algorithms. Prices are interpreted as a feasible dual solution and the provisional allocation is interpreted as a feasible primal solution. iBundle(3), dVSV and Ascending Proxy Auction result in VCG payoffs when the coalitional value function satisfies buyer submodularity and bidders bid straightforward, which is an ex-post Nash equilibrium in this case. iBEA and CreditDebit auctions do not even require the buyer submodularity and achieve the same properties for general valuations. Often, however, one cannot assume straightforward bidding and it is not clear from the theory how these non-linear personalized price auctions (NLPPAs) perform in this case. Robustness of auctions with respect to different bidding behavior is a critical issue for any application. We conducted a large number of computational experiments to analyze the performance of NLPPAs with respect to different bidding strategies and valuation models. We compare NLPPAs with the VCG auction and with ICAs with linear prices, such as ALPS and the Combinatorial Clock Auction. While NLPPAs performed very well in case of straightforward bidding, we observe problems with revenue, efficiency, and speed of convergence when bidders deviate.     

A joint measurement of efficiency and effectiveness for non-storable commodities: Integrated data envelopment analysis approaches

Efficiency and effectiveness for non-storable commodities represent two distinct dimensions and a joint measurement of both is necessary to fully capture the overall performance. This paper proposes two novel integrated data envelopment analysis (IDEA) approaches, the integrated Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (ICCR) and integrated Banker, Charnes and Cooper (IBCC) models, to jointly analyze the overall performance of non-storable commodities under constant and variable returns to scale technologies. The core logic of the proposed models is simultaneously determining the virtual multipliers associated with inputs, outputs, and consumption by additive specifications for technical efficiency and service effectiveness terms with equal weights. We show that both ICCR and IBCC models possess the essential properties of rationality, uniqueness, and benchmarking power. A case analysis also demonstrates that the proposed novel IDEA approaches have higher benchmarking power than the conventional separate DEA approaches. More generalized specifications of IDEA models with unequal weights are also elaborated.     

Analysis of supply chains with quantity based fixed incentives

This paper examines the use of quantity based fixed incentives to coordinate inventory decisions in a decentralized supply chain. We consider a two stage supply chain of autonomous supplier and distributor and prove that the optimal ordering policy for the newsvendor distributor under fixed incentives is an (s,S)$(s\text{,}S)$ type policy. We further show that external and internal quantity based incentives can restore channel coordination in single period and channel members can benefit through arbitrary splitting of the resulting additional chain profit. The single period results are extended to multiple periods and the impact of fixed incentives on the distributor’s optimal stocking policy and channel efficiency are examined under three different multi-period supplier strategies. Numerical examples are used to compare the multi-period strategies and to provide additional managerial insights. The results show that contrary to common belief, incentive plans developed and maintained based only on current inventory data perform poorly in long term and that such incentive plans must be periodically updated to enhance their efficiency. Furthermore, we show that high level of incentives designed to push too much inventory downstream of the supply chain can actually reduce the chain’s efficiency.     

Group-specific stochastic production frontier models with parametric specifications

This paper develops a stochastic frontier model that not only focuses more on group-specific temporal variations in technical efficiency rather than individual temporal variations, but also allows for a parametric function of the time-varying coefficient of the efficiency factor. We derived the concentrated least squares estimator and its asymptotic properties. When applied to the Penn World data set, the group-specific models yield much more variation in the temporal patterns of efficiency across countries. This application demonstrates the feasibility of applying a group-specific stochastic frontier model with a parametric function of temporal pattern to a real empirical analysis.     

Evolution of bank efficiency in Brazil: A DEA approach

This paper investigates cost, technical and allocative efficiencies for Brazilian banks in the recent period (2000–2007). We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compute efficiency scores. Brazilian banks were found to have low levels of economic (cost) efficiency compared to banks in Europe and in the US. For the period with high macroeconomic volatility (2000–2002) the economic inefficiency in Brazilian banks can be attributed mainly to technical inefficiency rather than allocative inefficiency. State-owned banks are significantly more cost efficient than foreign, private domestic and private with foreign participation. There is no evidence of differences in economic efficiency due to type of activity and bank size. These results may provide some useful guidance for financial regulators and bank managers.     

基于投入产出分析的建筑节能经济-环境影响测算模型的研究和应用

将改进的投入产出局部闭模型和分析方法应用到建筑节能研究领域.结合数量经济方法,建立了建筑节能经济-环境影响测算投入产出模型,应用该模型测算了2002年不同比例的既有建筑实施50%的建筑节能标准后的直接经济影响,然后测算通过各个产业部门之间的相互影响和相互作用后,建筑节能对国民经济其他产业部门的关联影响、对本部门的完全影响和对以GDP衡量的整个国民经济系统的影响.最后测算不同比例的既有建筑实施50%的建筑节能标准后减少的二氧化碳和二氧化硫的排放量.