咪唑类化合物-CuCl络合催化剂在甲醇氧化羰基化反应中的催化性能

研究了咪唑及其衍生物配合CuCl对甲醇液相氧化羰化合成碳酸二甲酯的催化性能。筛选出溶解性好、腐蚀性小且催化活性高的多功能助催剂。实验结果表明，反应体系中加入N-甲基咪唑后，CuCl可以完全溶解。当催化剂的浓度为0.2 mol/L, N-甲基咪唑与CuCl的量为4∶1，反应温度为120 ℃，反应压力为2.40 MPa，CO与O2的进气比2∶1，反应3 h的条件下甲醇的摩尔转化率为15.4%，选择性为98%以上。从腐蚀性试验结果看，50 ℃时，加入N-甲基咪唑化合物后，Q235钢在CuCl/CH3OH/H2O/CO/O2体系中的腐蚀速率为0.22mm/a，缓蚀效率为94.5%。动力学研究表明，反应近似为一级，加入N-甲基咪唑后，反应速率常数为0.15 min－1。     

Effect of mobile phase density gradients on efficiency in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography

Summary The efficiency of packed columns was measured as a function of flow rate, temperature, outlet density, and the density differential across the column, unsing pure carbon dioxide as the mobile phase. Although density differentials are often blamed for a serious loss in efficiency in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography, the results show that efficiency was not a function of the density differential. Peak shapes suggest that apparent loss in efficiency is actually due to inadequate solubility of the solute in carbon dioxide.     

Efficiency of connected binary block designs when a single observation is unavailable

In this paper the problem of finding the design efficiency is considered when a single observation is unavailable in a connected binary block design. The explicit expression of efficiency is found for the resulting design when the original design is a balanced incomplete block design or a group divisible, singular or semiregular or regular with ₁>0, design. The efficiency does not depend on the position of the unavailable observation. For a regular group divisible design with ₁>0, the efficiency depends on the position of the unavailable observation. The bounds, both lower and upper, on the efficiency are given in this situation. The efficiencies of designs resulting from a balanced incomplete block design and a group divisible design are in fact high when a single observation is unavailable.The work of the first author is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant AFOSR-90-0092.On leave from Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India. The work of the third author was supported by a grant from the CMDS, Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta.     

Anodic behavior of nickel-based alloys in the electrolytic production of NF3

The Ni-based alloys, such as Ni-Co, Ni-Mn, Ni-Ag, Ni-Cu, Ni-Al and Ni-Si, prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 1000 °C under 2 × 10⁸ Pa for 2 h were employed as the anodes for electrolytic production of NF₃. The current efficiencies for NF₃ formation were 42-38, 52-40, 52-47, 63-62, 50 and 41% for Ni-Co, Ni-Mn, Ni-Ag, Ni-Cu, Ni-Al and Ni-Si alloys, respectively. The current efficiencies only on Ni-Cu alloys with Cu concentrations lower than 10 mol% were almost the same as those on Ni sheet and HIPed Ni anodes, whereas those on the other alloys used in this study were smaller compared with those on both Ni anodes. On the other hand, the current losses caused by anodic dissolution of Ni-Co, Ni-Mn, Ni-Ag, Ni-Cu, Ni-Al and Ni-Si alloy electrodes were 7.95-4.42, 6.40-7.02, 5.60-6.30, 3.34-6.33, 5.10 and 0.18%, respectively. The anode consumptions of Ni-5 mol% Cu and Ni-5 mol% Si alloys were almost the same or smaller compared with those of Ni sheet and HIPed Ni electrodes, though those of other alloys used were large compared with those of both Ni anodes. Consequently, addition of Cu to the nickel matrix is available for a cheaper cost of anode with keeping a same current efficiency as that on the Ni anode and addition of Si to the nickel matrix is effective for decreasing anode consumption largely. A Ni sheet electrode containing a trace of impurities, such as Co, Mn, Ag and Al, is also favorable as the anode for electrolytic production of NF₃.     

Rapid determination of desorption efficiency, and analysis of solvent mixtures for occupational exposure studies

Summary An analytical procedure has been developed for simultaneous determination of solvent mixture vapors to enable evaluation of occupational exposure. To determine the desorption efficiency the volatile components of the solvent mixtures were generated from a glass tube filled with glass wool. This device is easy to prepare and use. These vapors were then collected in activated charcoal tubes and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. The method was tested with a mixture of 22 solvents, including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, and ketones, all at low concentrations. All the components were detected. When a 99∶1 mixture of carbon disulfide-dimethylformamide was used for desorption the efficiency was>75% for most of the solvents.     

聚球藻对镍的富集作用及影响因素

研究了环境因素与自身因素对聚球藻富集镍的影响.聚球藻对镍的富集时间在80min可以达到平衡;镍藻质量比最优值为16%～18%,此时富集量达到最大值即饱和吸附范围;pH值是影响富集的一个重要因素,同样条件下随pH值的增加富集量会不断增加,但由于过高pH会导致氢氧化镍生成,因此最佳pH值在9～10;温度和光强是调节富集量的两个因素,温度在35℃、照度在30001x左右是最佳的富集条件;同样条件下,死藻比活藻的富集量略高.     

水帘极板静电除尘模型的收集性能实验研究

建立了水帘极板电除尘器实验模型,研究了其电晕特性,以及极距、电场风速、水帘流量、供电电压、初始粉尘浓度等参数对除尘效率的影响.结果表明:水帘形成好坏对V-I特性曲线有一定影响,水帘流量影响形成水帘好坏的程度,因而影响除尘效率;极距对除尘效率有较大影响,极距300mm时除尘效率最高;供电电压对除尘效率的影响较为明显,随着电压的升高除尘效率也升高;风速增大除尘效率降低,初始粉尘浓度对除尘效率影响较小.     

碳纤维加固中小型旧桥的加固效果检测

检测评价碳纤维加固中小型旧桥的加固效果往往受到经费和现场情况的限制，不能完全按照旧桥承载力检测方法进行．以某桥碳纤维加固工程为工程实例，根据实际检测结果总结了检测评价碳纤维加固效果较为经济可行的试验方案。     

生活污水厌氧处理研究进展

对应用于生活污水处理的厌氧反应器进行了归纳,并综述了国内外厌氧技术处理生活污水的主要研究问题和研究现状.最后展望了生活污水厌氧处理的研究方向.     

生物法净化低浓度甲醛废气实验研究初探

实验主要通过筛选和培育适合于净化甲醛废气的微生物菌种对生物膜填料塔接种挂膜，用生物膜填料塔来考察不同的进口浓度和不同的液体喷淋量下生物法对甲醛废气净化效果，实验结果表明：生物法净化低浓度甲醛废气可行，而且净化效果较好。