In situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis of deformation behaviour in Ti–Ni‐based thin films

Deformation mechanisms of as‐deposited and post‐annealed Ti_50.2Ni_49.6, Ti_50.3Ni_46.2Cu_3.5 and Ti_48.5Ni_40.8Cu_7.5 thin films were investigated using the in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction technique. Results showed that initial crystalline phases determined the deformation mechanisms of all the films during tensile loading. For the films dominated by monoclinic martensites (B19′), tensile stress induced the detwinning of 〈011〉 type‐II twins and resulted in the preferred orientations of (002)_B19′ parallel to the loading direction (∥ LD) and (020)_B19′ perpendicular to the LD (⊥ LD). For the films dominated by austenite (B2), the austenite directly transformed into martensitic variants (B19′) with preferred orientations of (002)_B19′ ∥ LD and (020)_B19′ ⊥ LD. For the Ti_50.3Ni_46.2Cu_3.5 and Ti_48.1Ni_40.8Cu_7.5 films, martensitic transformation temperatures decreased apparently after post‐annealing because of the large thermal stress generated in the films due to the large differences in thermal expansion coefficients between the film and substrate.     

有机电致发光器件的瞬态电响应特性

详细研究了有机发光二极管(OLED)在脉冲电压下的瞬态电流响应特性.瞬态响应电流由3部分组成:正向电流峰(IP)、稳态电流(IS)及反向电流峰(IN).研究发现IS为器件工作时通过器件的电流,而IN与IP则分别对应OLED器件电极/有机界面附近的空间电荷的形成及消失过程.IN、IP与脉冲电压成线性关系,阳极的费米能级与空穴传输材料的HOMO能级差导致IN大于IP.利用不同占空比的双脉冲电压研究了电流与空间电荷的关系,发现空间电荷的充分放电临界占空比只受界面接触的影响,而与器件内部结构无关.     

单线态分裂的超快光谱学研究

有机分子中的单线态分裂过程能将单个光激发的单线态激子转化成两个三线态激子. 借助此载流子倍增效应, 太阳能电池可以更有效地利用太阳光谱中的高能光子, 进而突破单结太阳能电池效率的理论极限. 因此, 单线态分裂备受关注. 本文回顾学术界对单线态分裂物理图像的认识以及争议, 结合课题组近年来的一些结果, 重点总结此领域中运用瞬态光谱学方法取得的实验进展, 讨论有关多激子中间暗态机理的不同观点, 并介绍单线态分裂材料的发展以及器件应用.     

瞬态大电流测量结温中校温曲线弯曲现象的研究

利用脉宽250 μs、占空比5%的0–1.5 A脉冲电流, 分别在50, 70, 90, 110, 130 ℃条件下, 对TO-247-2L封装型PIN快恢复二极管大电流下的校温曲线进行了测量分析. 研究发现, 恒定大电流条件下, 二极管的校温曲线随温度变化发生弯曲. 分析表明, 弯曲现象主要是由于串联电阻受迁移率的影响随温度发生变化而引起的. 通过实验测量及理论计算, 得到了准确的非线性校温曲线, 从而减小了瞬态大电流测量结温中的误差.     

起重机械紧停工况制动冲击及动力学响应分析

起重设备运行过程中的紧急制动,常常伴随巨大的冲击载荷,引起结构剧烈摇晃,在极端情况下甚至造成设备损坏。以某岸边集装箱起重机为例,建立其制动过程的运动学方程,以及结构在制动冲击下的瞬态动力学方程,讨论了不同制动策略对整机制动距离以及结构响应的影响,并实地测试其在不同制动策略下结构的动力学响应。研究表明,不同制动策略对制动距离和结构动力学响应有很大影响,可以通过调整制动策略,减小结构的水平振动位移响应。     

井中瞬变电磁全区视电阻率解释方法研究

针对井中瞬变电磁全区视电阻率定义求解和解释方法开展研究。依据均质全空间瞬变电磁场解析式计算不同采样时间或装置条件下感应电压响应,认识到响应值在电阻率取值范围的全区间或部分区间内保持单调性。根据"牛顿-下降"最优化原理,给出一种井中瞬变电磁全区视电阻率求解方法,通过均质全空间瞬变电磁场响应试算结果与介质真电阻率对比验证该方法的精度和适用性。建立典型径向及垂向分层地电介质模型,通过时域有限差分法模拟计算瞬态场感应电压响应,并进行全区视电阻率换算分析。结果表明:视电阻率是不同时刻电磁场作用范围内所有电性体的综合反映,由全时段视电阻率结果识别全空间介质的径向及垂向电性情况具有一定可行性,各时道的视电阻率值可作为推断地电结构等信息的依据。     

Synthesis,structure and characterization of two copper(II) supramolecular coordination polymers based on a multifunctional ligand 2‐amino‐4‐sulfobenzoic acid

Copper(II) coordination polymers have attracted considerable interest due to their catalytic, adsorption, luminescence and magnetic properties. The reactions of copper(II) with 2‐amino‐4‐sulfobenzoic acid (H₂asba) in the presence/absence of the auxiliary chelating ligand 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) under ambient conditions yielded two supramolecular coordination polymers, namely (3‐amino‐4‐carboxybenzene‐1‐sulfonato‐κO¹)bis(1,10‐phenanthroline‐κ²N,N′)copper(II) 3‐amino‐4‐carboxybenzene‐1‐sulfonate monohydrate, [Cu(C₇H₆N₂O₅S)(C₁₂H₈N₂)₂](C₇H₆N₂O₅S)·H₂O, (1), and catena‐poly[[diaquacopper(II)]‐μ‐3‐amino‐4‐carboxylatobenzene‐1‐sulfonato‐κ²O⁴:O^4′], [Cu(C₇H₆N₂O₅S)(H₂O)₂]_n, (2). The products were characterized by FT–IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), solid‐state UV–Vis spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, as well as by variable‐temperature powder X‐ray diffraction analysis (VT‐PXRD). Intermolecular π–π stacking interactions in (1) link the mononuclear copper(II) cation units into a supramolecular polymeric chain, which is further extended into a supramolecular double chain through interchain hydrogen bonds. Supramolecular double chains are then extended into a two‐dimensional supramolecular double layer through hydrogen bonds between the lattice Hasba⁻ anions, H₂O molecules and double chains. Left‐ and right‐handed 2₁ helices formed by the Hasba⁻ anions are arranged alternately within the two‐dimensional supramolecular double layers. Complex (2) exhibits a polymeric chain which is further extended into a three‐dimensional supramolecular network through interchain hydrogen bonds. Complex (1) shows a reversible dehydration–rehydration behaviour, while complex (2) shows an irreversible dehydration–rehydration behaviour.     

Transient absorption microscopy: advances in chemical imaging of photoinduced dynamics

This article reviews the state of the art of ultrafast transient absorption microscopy, discusses current experimental concepts and highlights future challenges. The advantages of transient absorption microscopy over other micro‐spectroscopic techniques are its high optical resolution combined with high temporal resolution as well as its ability to study non‐fluorescent and weakly fluorescent molecular species and to probe excited‐state processes. In conventional transient absorption spectroscopy the spectroscopic information usually presents a spatial average over the focal spot of the typically weakly focused probe beam. Transient absorption microscopy, however, enables investigations of the excited state dynamics in individual microscopic areas of a sample. Hence, the technique does not only yield detailed morphological information based on a label‐free molecular contrast, but also gives insight into the ultrafast morphology‐dependent photoinduced processes in heterogeneous samples. Different variations of transient absorption microscopy have found a number of applications ranging from material sciences to biology, which are discussed in this review together with different setup modifications and approaches towards transient absorption spectroscopy with spatial resolution below the diffraction limit.

     

Transient Free Convection from a Horizontal Surface in a Porous Medium Subjected to a Sudden Change in Surface Heat Flux

This paper presents an analytical and numerical study of transient free convection from a horizontal surface that is embedded in a fluid-saturated porous medium. It is assumed that for time steady state velocity and temperature fields are obtained in the boundary-layer which occurs due to a uniform flux dissipation rate q ₁ on the surface. Then, at the heat flux on the surface is suddenly changed to q ₂ and maintained at this value for . Firstly, solutions which are valid for small and large are obtained. The full boundary-layer equations are then integrated step-by-step for the transient regime from the initial unsteady state ( ) until such times at which this forward marching approach is no longer well posed. Beyond this time no valid solutions could be obtained which matched the final solution from the forward integration to the steady state profiles at large times .     

1/3 PURE SUB-HARMONIC SOLUTION AND FRACTAL CHARACTERISTIC OF TRANSIENT PROCESS FOR DUFFING＇S EQUATION

The 1/3 sub-harmonic solution for the Duffing＇s with damping equation was investigated by using the methods of harmonic balance and numerical integration. The assumed solution is introduced, and the domain of sub-harmonic frequencies was found. The asymptotical stability of the subharmonic resonances and the sensitivity of the amplitude responses to the variation of damping coefficient were examined. Then, the subharmonic resonances were analyzed by using the techniques from the general fractal theory. The analysis indicates that the sensitive dimensions of the system time-field responses show sensitivity to the conditions of changed initial perturbation, changed damping coefficient or the amplitude of excitation, thus the sensitive dimension can clearly describe the characteristic of the transient process of the subharmonic resonances.