岭南乡村“海绵”措施的宏观归纳分析

以广东省历史文化名村名镇及传统村落为着眼点, 分析并归纳岭南乡村传统海绵措施的类型及特征。首先提取各个村落与海绵措施相关的五大特征信息: 基于Google Earth航拍图, 记录各个村落的聚落形态和水系分布; 基于广东省30 m精度的DEM, 在ArcGIS中提取广东省的地形与河网、各个村落的高程并进行淹没分析; 基于地区降雨水平, 判断村落所在区位的降雨强度。然后, 对特征信息赋予特征编码, 将5个特征编码输入SPSS进行聚类分析, 对174个村子进行分层分类, 归纳每一类的特点和防洪优势, 总结得到岭南乡村常见的借势、缓蓄、利导、强排4种海绵措施。根据研究结果, 对未来岭南地区的防洪建设和设计提出建议。     

基于信息采集的少数民族传统村寨保护性规划设计研究——以贵州省铜仁市江口县桃映镇漆树坪羌寨为例

以位于贵州的少数民族典型村落羌寨为例,对现场采集的数据进行整理,深入分析村寨的自然形态特征和民居的建筑形态特征,把握其关于形态学方面的典型特征和其演化发展过程中所具有的自律性。根据羌寨保护存在的问题,提出羌寨整备与保护规划设计的三个层次,并对村寨保护规划和民居建筑保护更新提出具体策略。使其在保护少数民族村寨原真性和完整性的同时关注生态环境和生活环境的改善与提升,促进少数民族村寨的可持续发展。     

基于TCMSP抗肿瘤中药小分子EGFR-TKI的研究

目的研究分析中药小分子表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)的抗肿瘤情况。方法挖掘中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)中药小分子表皮生长因子受体抑制剂,利用反向分子对接服务器(DRAR-CPI)进行靶点验证。结果木犀草素、槲皮素、金雀异黄酮、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、漆黄素5种中药小分子与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)结合良好。结论中药小分子EGFR-TKI能从多个靶点、多种途径抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和扩散,利用中药小分子开发新一代多靶点EGFR-TKI具有广阔的前景。     

A UPLC‐TOF/MS‐based metabolomics study of rattan stems of Schisandra chinensis effects on Alzheimer's disease rats model

A UPLC‐TOF/MS‐based metabolomics method was established to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of rattan stems of S. chinensis (SCS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental AD model was induced by intra‐hippocampal Aβ_1–42 injection in rats. Cognitive function and oxidative stress condition in brain of AD rats were assessed using Morris water maze tests and antioxidant assays [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px)], respectively. UPLC‐TOF/MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis were conducted to study the changes in metabolic networks in serum of rats. The results indicated that the AD model was established successfully and the inducement of Aβ_1–42 caused a decline in spatial learning and memory of rats. The injection of Aβ_1–42 in rat brains significantly elevated the level of MDA, and reduced SOD and GSH‐Px activities. In addition, SCS showed significant anti‐AD effects on model rats. A total of 30 metabolites were finally identified as potential biomarkers of AD and 14 of them had a significant recovery compared with the AD model after SCS administration. Changes in AD metabolite profiling were restored to different levels through the regulation of 13 pathways. This is first report on the use of the UPLC‐TOF/MS‐based serum metabolomics method to investigate therapeutic effects of SCS on AD, and enrich potential biomarkers and metabolic networks of AD.     

Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for the rapid analysis of constituents in the traditional Chinese medicine formula Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill

An ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method in both positive and negative ion modes was established in order to comprehensively investigate the major constituents in Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill. Briefly, a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS C₁₈ column was used to separate the aqueous extract of Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill. A total of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid v/v were used as the mobile phase. All analytes were determined using quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization source in positive and negative ion modes. At length, a total of 173 components including flavones and their glycosides, monoterpene glycosides, triterpene saponins, phenethylalchohol glycosides, iridoid glycosides, phthalides, tanshinones, phenolic acids, sesquiterpenoids and cyclopeptides were identified or tentatively characterized in Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill in an analysis of 16.0 min based on the accurate mass and tandem mass spectrometry behaviors. The developed method is rapid and highly sensitive to characterize the chemical constituents of Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill, which could not only be used for chemical standardization and quality control of Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill, but also be helpful for further study in vivo metabolism of Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill.     

Metabonomic analysis of serum reveals antifatigue effects of Yi Guan Jian on fatigue mice using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

Yi Guan Jian (YGJ), one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines, has been reported to possess significant antifatigue effects. However, the mechanisms underlying its antifatigue effects remain largely unresolved. In this study, a metabonomics approach, involving gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and a multivariate statistical technique, was developed to estimate the extent to which YGJ alleviated the exhausting swimming‐induced fatigue of mice. High‐dose treatment with YGJ significantly extended the swimming time of fatigued mice. Significant alterations of metabolites involving amino acids, organic acids and carbohydrates were observed in the serum of fatigued mice, which were reversed by YGJ treatment while biochemical indexes returned to normal. These metabolic changes suggest that the antifatigue effect of YGJ is associated with the impairement of amino acid, organic acids and carbohydrates. It also appears that YGJ can induce significant metabolic alterations independent of the exhausting swimming‐induced metabolic changes. The significantly altered metabolites induced by YGJ intervention include l‐ 2‐amino‐acetoacetate, taurine, fumaric acid, malic acid, oxoadipic acid and l‐ aspartate, all of which are associated with antifatigue properties. This suggests that YGJ exerts chemopreventive effects via antifatigue mechanisms.     

Simultaneous determination of eight Danshen polyphenols in rat plasma and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of DanHong injection and Danshen injection

Polyphenols derived from Danshen are responsible for the therapeutic effects of DanHong injection, a two‐herb combination of Danshen and Honghua. Whether the pharmacokinetics of Danshen polyphenols is changed by coexisting Honghua constituents remains unknown. A sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed in this study for simultaneous determination of eight Danshen polyphenols (i.e., protocatechuic aldehyde, protocatechuic acid, tanshinol, salvianolic acid D, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, lithospermic acid, and salvianolic acid B) in rat plasma and applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of DanHong injection and Danshen injection. Liquid chromatography conditions, mass spectrometry parameters, and sample preparation were optimized step by step. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.99) for all the polyphenols. The mean extraction efficiencies ranged from 62.2 to 88.7% with negligible matrix effects. The intrabatch and interbatch precision at all the quality control levels were less than 15% of the nominal concentrations with accuracy of 88.8–114%, except that precision and accuracy at lower limit of quantitation were 3.2–17.3 and 95.7–119%, respectively. Comparative pharmacokinetic study suggested that the coexisting Honghua constituents might have negligible influences on the pharmacokinetics of Danshen polyphenols from DanHong injection. The bioanalytical method could also be applied to pharmacokinetic studies of other Danshen herbal products.     

从伪造宗族文书个案透视司法实践与传统文化之关系

宗族是近代农村社会关系的基本单位。通过对一系列关于伪造宗族文书个案进行考察与分析,从不同维向探寻司法实践与传统文化互为表里的关系,呈现民国司法与民国社会、政治、经济和文化等多维层面特征。     

李渔从绘画到戏曲的身份认同

李渔是中国古代著名的文化艺术大家,毕生直面社会经济发展潮流,绘画理论与实践根置现实,执着无待而兴;与此同时,通过实施直观实用的创作原则,绘画向戏曲渗透,艺术向谋生齐观,获得了戏曲上的独特建树,充分体现了李渔从绘画到戏曲的身份认同,以及商品经济价值取向。李渔从绘画到戏曲具有强烈的商品经济意识与动机,所含审美理想与经济实用兼而有之,给予当今人们有益的启迪。     

辽宁省民间传统体育文化校本课程开发研究

在阐述民间传统体育文化校本课程开发的理论,对民间传统体育文化校本课程资源的开发背景与分类整理的基础上,从校本课程开发的指导思想、开发思路、开发的目标与途径、开发策略方面制定了辽宁省民间传统体育文化校本课程的开发模式,对辽宁省民间传统体育文化校本课程的设计提出了个人的一些观点和看法。