环氧树脂增韧改性的研究进展

概述了近年来互穿聚合物网络（IPN）、刚性粒子增韧环氧树脂的研究现状,并展望了环氧树脂增韧改性研究的前景。     

Properties of methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride‐cured epoxy resin modified with MITU

Methylimidazole‐terminated chain‐extended urea (MITU) containing polypropylene oxide spacer was synthesized and employed to modify epoxies composed of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (E‐51) and methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA). The curing behavior, viscoelastic property, impact response, and fracture surface morphology of the curing systems were systematically investigated. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis reveals that the curing reactivity of the epoxy system is greatly enhanced with the addition of MITU. From the dynamic mechanical analysis, besides the low‐temperature β relaxation, shoulder at higher temperature side appears for the MITU‐modified systems. Meanwhile, the addition of MITU leads to the increase of loss factor (tan δ) over the temperature range of 0–75°C. Impact tests show that the modifier can be effective in toughening the epoxy resin at relatively low loading, and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the fracture surface for the modified systems display signs of ductility. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

TGIC对PBT／POE共混复合材料断裂韧性的影响研究

利用基本断裂功和缺口冲击强度,评价了在拉伸和冲击应力作用下,异氰尿酸三缩水甘油酯（TGIC）对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）／乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物（POE）共混物（90／10,wt／wt）断裂韧性的影响。结果表明,当POE中填加的TGIC达到5phr时,能够有效改善PBT和POE的界面粘接。与未填加TGIC的体系相比,其比基本断裂功提高了36％,而缺口冲击强度则提高了近47％。     

PLA/PAE复合材料的形状记忆效应及机理研究

制备了聚乳酸(PLA)与聚酰胺弹性体(PAE)复合增韧体系,研究了其在低温强迫高弹形变后的形状记忆效应,并对复合材料形状记忆机理给出了合适的理论解释.考察了PAE弹性体含量、回复温度、应变量等因素对复合材料形状记忆效应的影响.研究结果表明:随着PAE弹性体的增加,复合材料的形状回复率大幅度下降;应变量降低时,复合材料形状回复率和拉伸强度回复率随之增高;回复温度高于70℃时,形状回复率高达90%以上,而且随着回复温度的继续升高,形状回复率变化幅度不大,但可使形状回复时间缩短.     

不同弹性体增韧聚丙烯的性能研究

研究了不同的弹性体包括POE、二元乙丙橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、TPV增韧聚丙烯复合材料过程中结构、力学性能、制备条件对复合材料性能的影响．结果表明,各种弹性体对聚丙烯的冲击性能提高的程度不同,EPDM最优．随着弹性体含量的增加材料的冲击强度提高到46．9KJ／m^2,复合材料的拉伸强度和模量有所下降．     

纳米氧化锆增韧牙科用硅藻土陶瓷的性能

探讨了不同含量纳米氧化锆颗粒对牙科用硅藻土陶瓷的增韧增强作用.在硅藻土陶瓷基体原料中添加纳米氧化锆颗粒(w(ZrO2)=0～30%),复合粉体经球磨、烘干、研磨、过筛后压制成型,然后于1 100℃常压高温烧结.制得样品经打磨抛光后采用三点弯曲法和压痕法测试陶瓷的力学性能,并利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分析其物相组成和显微结构.实验结果表明,当w(ZrO2)=20%时,硅藻土陶瓷的增韧效果最为明显,三点抗弯强度提高130%,断裂韧性提高30%,硬度则提高较少.经过纳米氧化锆增强增韧的硅藻土陶瓷满足牙科用全瓷材料性能的基本要求.     

纤维/晶须材料对固井水泥石的增韧机理研究

扫描电子显微镜（SEM）用于水泥基材料研究,可以准确、快速、直观地提供水泥石断面的微观形貌等信息。固井水泥环这一水泥基材料在井下工况受复杂应力影响易产生微裂缝与微环隙,造成水泥环封固能力下降。高弹模纤维、低弹模纤维、晶须等材料有助于降脆增韧水泥环。为了弄清高弹模纤维、低弹模纤维、晶须等材料对水泥环的降脆增韧机制,用扫描电镜对水泥石微观形貌进行了观察分析,探讨了增韧机制。实验结果表明,高弹模纤维、低弹模纤维、晶须等材料降脆增韧水泥环的机制包括拔出、桥连和裂纹偏转。相对于单掺纤维或单掺晶须,将二者混杂使用的增韧效果更好,其原理在于晶须属于微米级材料,可以阻止微米级微裂纹的产生和扩展;纤维属于毫米级材料,可以阻止毫米级微裂缝的产生与扩展;二者混杂使用可以起到多层次阻裂和增韧的目的。     

CFRP加固混凝土结构用粘结材料制备研究

通过胶粘剂拉伸剪切试验、胶凝时间以及固化度和硬度分析,确定BGH-A1651是较适宜的固化剂,最佳用量为45%;CXS-A1678是较适宜的稀释剂.用拉伸剪切试验、拉伸强度试验及SEM断口观察,评价了2种丁腈橡胶的增韧改性效果,探讨了增韧机理.结果表明,EZR-A1HSD质量分数为10%-20%,EZR-B2DSD质量分数为5%～10%时,断口呈鳞片状结构,有较好的粘结性能,而且强度损失较少,适合作CFRP加固混凝土结构用粘结材料.     

Study on the toughening mechanism of PP/EVA dynamically crosslinked blend

The toughening mechanism of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVA) dynamically crosslinked blend was investigated. The results indicated that dynamical crosslinking technology not only improved the interfacial adhesion between PP and EVA, but also increased the mechanical properties of PP/EVA blend. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs demonstrated that dynamical crosslinking technology could refine EVA particles in PP/EVA blend and promote the size distribution of EVA particles. The critical matrix ligament thickness of dynamically crosslinked and uncrosslinked blend was about 0.55 μm and 0.6 μm, respectively, indicating that the brittle-ductile transition occurred. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results illustrated that the tan δ peak of PP component in the dynamically crosslinked blend moved toward lower temperature compared with that of pure PP and the PP component in uncrosslinked blend; and the tan δ value of the dynamically crosslinked blend was higher than that of the uncrosslinked blend, which interpreted the toughening mechanism of dynamical crosslinking technology from the dynamic mechanical property of the blend.     

Fracture Micromechanisms of Polypropylene/Polycarbonate/Poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (PP/ PC/SEBS) Ternary Blends: The Effects of SEBS Content

Ternary blends of polypropylene/polycarbonate/poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (PP/PC/SEBS) with varying SEBS contents were produced via melt blending in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The phase morphology of the resulting ternary blends and its relationship with bending and impact behaviors were studied. Transmission optical microscopy (TOM) of the crack tip damage zone and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of impact fractured surfaces were performed to characterize the fracture mechanism. With increasing SEBS content in the PP/PC/SEBS ternary blends, the number of PC/SEBS core-shell particles increased and the size of the core-shell particles enlarged. It was shown that with an SEBS content of 5%, the crack initiation resistance decreased and then was almost unchanged with further increase of SEBS content, while resistance to crack growth increased continuously with increasing of SEBS content. Preliminary analysis of the micromechanical deformation suggested that the high impact toughness observed for samples containing 20 and 30 wt% of SEBS could be attributed to cavitation of the rubbery shell and, consequently, shear yielding of the matrix. This plastic deformation absorbed a tremendous amount of energy. Due to low interfacial adhesion between PC particles and PP matrix in samples containing 5 and 10 wt% of SEBS, debonding occurred too early, so the occurrence of matrix shear yielding was delayed and resulted in premature interfacial failure and, hence, rapid crack propagation.