具芳纶短纤维增韧界面的碳纤维夹芯结构性能、机理和分析

碳纤维夹芯结构常用作航空航天、交通车辆等运载工具的主承力结构,这类结构在服役过程中容易发生界面开裂,继而引发大面积脱粘、面板局部屈曲等破坏模式,严重影响结构的安全.使用芳纶短纤维对碳纤维夹芯结构的面-芯界面进行增韧,在夹芯结构制备过程中,在界面加入低密度芳纶短纤维薄膜,通过芳纶短纤维的桥联作用,提高界面的粘接性能.首先通过弯曲和压缩实验,对比了增韧和未增韧夹芯结构的荷载-位移曲线、破坏模式等响应,发现芳纶短纤维界面增韧可以大幅提高碳纤维夹芯结构的各项力学性能.其次,基于非对称双悬臂梁实验和扫描电镜观测,分析了芳纶短纤维的增韧效果和增韧机理.最后,基于均匀弹性材料裂纹的奇异性解和界面裂纹尖端的位移震荡解,建立了考虑界面裂纹尖端复杂应力场的扩展有限元单元,模拟了碳纤维夹芯试件的界面开裂过程.以上研究工作有助于揭示芳纶短纤维增韧界面的断裂机理,建立界面增韧参数设计方法,提高碳纤维夹芯结构的力学性能,并为结构的健康诊断和工艺改进提供科学依据.     

聚乙二醇化学改性增韧呋喃树脂的研究

研究了用不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)对呋喃树脂进行改性以改善其脆性较大的缺点.通过化学反应将具有柔性长链结构的聚乙二醇键接到呋喃树脂上从而增加了其韧性.研究结果表明,PEG分子量为400Da时,对呋喃树脂的增韧效果最好;其用量为25wt%时,呋喃树脂的断裂伸长率达到了5.51%,最大拉伸强度可达19.9MPa.     

相变增韧陶瓷Ⅱ型裂纹增韧分析

本文采用压力敏感和权函数法，对相变增韧陶瓷Ⅱ型裂纹的增韧效应进行了理论预测。分别给出了静止裂纹和定常扩展裂纹相变性屏蔽的理论表达式，结果表明；相变对静止裂纹无增韧效应，纹尖端屏蔽来自于裂纹扩展尾区的贡献。     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯的无卤阻燃化改性

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯作为新型聚酯材料,具有非常优良的性能,但其易燃性很大的限制了它的应用范围。为了提高对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的阻燃性能,本文以无卤膨胀型EPFR-300A为阻燃改性剂,马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃(POE-g-MAH)弹性体为增韧剂,对聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯树脂(PTT)进行阻燃改性。通过热重分析仪(TGA)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、力学性能等技术手段研究了阻燃剂和增韧剂对PTT树脂力学、热学和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,增韧剂POE和POE-g-MAH的添加提高了PTT树脂的综合力学性能。当质量分数相同时,POE-g-MAH对PTT树脂的增韧效果要优于POE,且当POE-g-MAH质量分数为7%时,综合力学性能最佳。当添加相同质量分数增韧剂,EPFR-300A质量分数达到20%时,阻燃PTT材料阻燃性能最佳,极限氧指数(LOI)达到28.0%,垂直燃烧阻燃等级达到UL94 V-0级。EPFR-300A阻燃剂与PTT树脂间相容性良好,可以有效地促进PTT树脂成炭并提高材料的阻燃性能。     

Synergistic Effect of Polycarbonate on Reactive Core-Shell Particles Toughened Poly(Butylene Terephthalate)

Glycidyl methacrylate functionalized methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer (MBS-g-GMA) core-shell particles were prepared via an emulsion polymerization process. MBS-g-GMA was used to toughen poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and the synergistic toughening effect of polycarbonate (PC) on PBT/MBS-g-GMA blends were investigated. Notched impact tests showed the percolation threshold became lower with the increase of PC content. Transmission electron microscopy displayed a very good dispersion of MBS-g-GMA particles in the PBT matrix with the different PC contents. The synergistic toughening effect was due to the encapsulation structure of PC which could facilitate the whole PBT matrix to yield. The more perfect the encapsulation structure formed, the more obvious the synergistic toughening the PC achieved. Sufficient strength of the phase interface was important to ensure the stress transfer effectively and facilitate the whole PBT matrix to yield. The interface strength between PC and MBS-g-GMA could be ensured by the good miscibility between Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (grafted onto the polybutadiene-based rubber core) and PC. For the PBT/PC, the transesterification between PBT and PC improved the interface strength of the PBT and PC phases, as demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scans. Scanning electron microscopy results showed shear yielding of the matrix and cavitation of the rubber particles were the major toughening mechanisms.     

酚脲醛发泡树脂的合成及性能表征

以Ba(OH)2·8H2O为催化剂,采用分批法加入甲醛和脲素,合成高邻位酚脲醛(UPF)预聚体并将其发泡.采用红外谱图(IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对UPF树脂进行表征与分析,研究其表观密度、热导性和抗冲击性.结果表明:在相同条件下,增加脲素质量,UPF树脂的韧性、隔热性明显提高.当m(脲素):m(苯酚)=0.09...     

Toughening of nylon 6 with a maleated core-shell impact modifier

Super-tough nylon 6 was prepared by using maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene-octene rubber/semicrystalline polyolefin blend (TPEg) as an impact modifier. The morphology, dynamic mechanical behavior, mechanical properties, and toughening mechanism were studied. Results indicate that TPEg with a semicrystalline polyolefin core and a polyethylene-octane rubber shell, possesses not only a better processability of extruding and pelletizing with a lower cost, but also an improved toughening effect in comparison with the maleated pure polyethylene-octene rubber. The shear yielding is the main mechanism of the impact energy dissipation. In addition, the influence of melt viscosity of nylon 6 on toughening effectiveness was also investigated. High melt viscosity of matrix is advantageous to the improvement of notched Izod impact strength. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 1987–1994, 1998     

SBS和POE增韧阻燃HIPS的研究

分别以苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SBS)和乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)为增韧剂,研究了它们对阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)物理机械性能和阻燃性能的影响.结果表明:以SBS为增韧剂所得复合材料的综合性能优于以POE为增韧剂所得复合材料的综合性能;复合材料的冲击强度随SBS用量的增大而增大,当SBS用量为12%时,其冲击强度达到8kJ/m2左右,较未经增韧改性复合材料的冲击强度增加了6 kJ/m2左右,并且SBS的加入不会对复合材料的阻燃性能产生不利影响.     

热致液晶PET—PHB共聚酯增韧改性环氧树脂

采用熔融共混方法,用热致液晶PET－PHB共聚酯对环氧树脂进行增韧改性,并研究了共混体系的力学性能。借助扫描电镜,对材料断裂面的动态结构进行了分析,探讨了体系的形态结构与冲击性能之间的关系。研究结果表明,改性材料的弹性模量高于纯环氧树脂,其冲击强度及拉伸强度均有大幅度提高。当PET－PHB共聚酯的加入量为10％时,环氧改性材料的拉伸强度及冲击强度均为最大值。此时,改性材料的断面形态呈微观网络分布,明显不同于未改性环氧树脂脆性断裂的台阶型结构。     

含硅氧烷链段和聚苯醚结构的芳香族聚酰胺的制备及其对环氧树脂的增韧改性

以端氨基聚二甲基硅氧烷（ATPDMS）和聚苯醚（PPO）为原料,采用一锅缩聚法合成了一种含硅氧烷链段和聚苯醚结构的芳香族聚酰胺（PAPM）,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和核磁共振（NMR）对其进行了结构表征。将PAPM作为增韧改性剂,与固化剂甲基六氢苯酐（MHHPA）一起加入环氧树脂（E51）中制备了E51/MHHPA/PAPM固化物。测试了PAPM和E51的相容性,结果表明,当添加量为5%~15%（质量分数）时,PAPM与E51在固化后的相容性良好,没有发生宏观可见光尺度上的相分离。力学性能测试结果表明：当PAPM添加量为15%时,环氧固化物的临界应力强度因子（K_IC）相比不添加PAPM的环氧体系增加了112.2%;当PAPM添加量为5%时,环氧固化物的储能模量相比不添加PAPM的环氧体系增加了56.6%。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对增韧改性材料的断面形貌进行了分析,结果表明其断裂面呈现漩涡状裂纹结构,断裂表现为韧性断裂。差示扫描量热法（DSC）测试结果表明,当PAPM添加量为15%时,环氧固化物的玻璃化转变温度（T_g）相对于不含PAPM的环氧体系提高了28.2℃。