Mechanical properties and morphology for polypropylene composites filled with microencapsulated red phosphorus

The effects of the microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) content and specimen thickness on the mechanical properties of the filled polypropylene (PP) composites were studied at room temperature. The results showed that the influence of the MRP on the tensile and impact properties of the composites was significant, and the Young's modulus and impact strength of the composites increased nonlinearly while the tensile strength decreased slightly with increasing the MRP weight fraction; the tensile elongation at break increased outstandingly when the MRP weight fraction was less than 2% and then decreased with increasing the MRP weight fraction. Furthermore, the impact fracture surface was examined by scanning electronic microscope. The results suggested that the toughening effect was attributed to the absorption of impact fracture energy by the microencapsulated layer. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纳米Al2O3改性不饱和聚酯树脂的研究

用未经表面处理和经过表面处理的纳米Al2O3对不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)进行填充改性,研究了纳米Al2O3的用量对UPR拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度的影响.结果表明,当纳米Al2O3的填充量为8%时,材料的增强增韧效果最好,但当纳米Al2O3的加入量为6%～8%时出现了很明显的脆韧转变.用差热分析法测定复合材料的玻璃化温度(tg)发现,UPR/纳米Al2O3复合材料的tg比纯UPR高,且经表面处理的纳米Al2O3填充的UPR的tg更高,这与力学性能测试结果一致.原位共混法可以实现纳米Al2O3的良好分散,相应地具有更好的增韧效果.     

韧性氧化铝-氧化锆纳米复合渗透陶瓷的制备

采用包裹共沉淀法制备了韧性氧化铝-氧化锆纳米复合渗透陶瓷(AlZrx),其中AlZr30的平均三点弯曲强度(σ3P)高达(621.30±40.15)MPa,平均断裂韧性(KIC)高达(6.72±1.45)MPa.m0.5。并讨论了w(ZrO2)对AlZrx力学性能和微观结构的影响。XRD确定AlZrx的主晶相为α-Al2O3,四方相ZrO2和单斜相ZrO2。     

Miscibility and Mechanical Behavior of SAN/NBR Blends

Summary: Aiming the development of high toughness polymer materials, blends of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) and poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (NBR) rubbers, with contents of acrylonitrile (AN) varying from 21 to 45%, were prepared by casting, coprecipitation and monoscrew extrusion followed by injection molding. SAN/NBR blends, prepared in the compositions (w/w) 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50, were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Izod impact tests. DSC analyses showed that blends with 33% AN NBR prepared by casting, and with 39% AN NBR prepared by coprecipitation, are partially miscible at 60/40, 70/30 and 80/20 (SAN/NBR) compositions and immiscible for 50/50 compositions. On the other hand, 90/10 SAN/NBR systems were totally miscible. The blends with 45% AN NBR prepared by coprecipitation showed partial miscibility to 50/50, 60/40, 70/30 and 90/10 compositions and total miscibility to 80/20 composition. The NBR addition results in a significant increase in the impact resistance, strongly dependent on the blend composition and the NBR AN content. The best result of impact resistance — 75.2 ± 8.6 (kJ · m⁻²) — was obtained for SAN/NBR 50/50, using 45% AN NBR. This value is 15.7 times bigger than that for pure SAN -4.8 ± 0.7 (kJ · m⁻²).     

聚己二酸甘油酯的合成及其对聚乳酸材料的增韧

以丙三醇、己二酸为原料,通过熔融缩聚合成了新型聚乳酸(PLA)增韧改性剂聚己二酸丙三醇酯(PGA).利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR),核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)及凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等方法对不同反应温度条件下PGA的分子结构进行了表征.同时通过熔融共混制备了PGA/PLA共混物,并测试了共混物的冲击性能,利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其热性能及相形貌进行了表征.结果表明:PGA可以有效增韧聚乳酸,160℃下合成的PGA增韧性最佳,冲击强度达到48.0 J/m,较纯聚乳酸提高了3倍.PGA分子支化结构的差异对PGA/PIA的共混形态有明显的影响,从而进一步影响其增韧效果.     

Mo基固溶体增韧Mo2Ni3Si金属硅化物合金高温滑动磨损性能

以Mo、Ni和Si金属粉末为原料,利用激光熔化沉积技术制备Mo基固溶体(Moss)增韧Mo2Ni3Si金属硅化物耐磨材料,在销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机上评价合金在400～550 ℃范围内的磨损性能,借助扫描电子显微镜观察合金磨损表面及其亚表面形貌.结果表明,Moss增韧Mo2Ni3Si金属硅化物合金在高温滑动条件下表现出反常的磨损率-温度关系,即磨损率随温度的升高而降低,其磨损表面光滑平整,没有显微切削和犁沟等特征,Moss树枝晶在试验温度下发生了轻微氧化.金属硅化物Mo2Ni3Si在磨损过程中起到了抗磨作用,韧性良好的Moss树枝晶有效地抑制了Mo2Ni3Si基体的裂纹扩展和显微剥落.合金在高温滑动条件下的主要磨损机理为软磨粒磨损和Moss相的轻微氧化.     

表面处理剂对硫酸钙晶须/聚丙烯复合材料的增韧(Ⅰ)

用两种表面处理剂对硫酸钙晶须进行改性,并将其添加到聚丙烯(PP)中制备出了硫酸钙晶须/PP复合材料,对该复合材料的力学性能进行了测试.结果发现:将硫酸钙晶须引入聚丙烯体系后,聚丙烯的冲击强度有显著提高;采用钛酸酯NDZ-401对硫酸钙晶须进行改性时,当晶须的质量分数为10%时,体系的冲击强度能提高85%以上.用扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料的冲击断面形貌和硫酸钙晶须在基体中的分散性进行了观察.结果表明:表面处理能够促进硫酸钙晶须在基体中的均匀分散,很大程度上提高复合材料的冲击强度,改善材料的韧性.表面处理剂对PP/硫酸钙晶须复合体系起到了一定的增韧作用.     

碳纳米管增韧PHBV/TPU复合材料的研究简

为提高PHBV与TPU两相之间的相互作用力,改善复合材料的力学性能及热稳定性,采用熔融共混法制备了PHBV/TPU/CNTs复合材料。用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热计、热重分析仪和万能试验机分析了材料的表面形貌、晶体结构、热学性能以及力学性能。研究表明：添加碳纳米管（CNTs）后PHBV与TPU两相界面未产生分离,两相之间的作用力有所提高;碳纳米管的加入促进了PHBV的结晶且使其由熔融双峰变为熔融单峰。此外,PHBV/TPU/CNTs复合材料的力学性能及热稳定性也有了显著提高。相比纯PHBV,复合材料的初始降解温度提高15℃,P/30T/3CNTs复合材料的断裂伸长率提高1800％左右。     

Ti对Al2O3／Ni复合材料相界面润湿及力学性能的影响

以无压烧结方式制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３／２０％Ｎｉ（Ｔｉ）（体积分数）复合材料．通过分析Ｔｉ元素的分布状态，研究了Ｔｉ添加剂对Ａｌ２Ｏ３／２０％Ｎｉ复合材料相界面润湿及力学性能的影响规律．结果表明，Ｔｉ元素集中分布在Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ｎｉ相界面附近，并通过促进相界面润湿，强化相界面结合而显著改善复合材料的力学性能．实验成分范围内，随Ｔｉ含量增加，三点弯曲强度提高，而断裂韧性在３％Ｔｉ（质量百分数）时具有最大值，为６．２ＭＰａｍ１２．断口形貌分析表明，复合材料的增韧机理为桥接机理