TEM在内蒙古正镶白旗地区水文地质勘察中的应用

利用TEM法,对比分析不同测线视电阻率-深度断面图,得出地下岩层含水层的埋藏条件及富水性,初步确定取水井位;再结合区域水文地质条件,对比分析不同测线中单井涌水量的相对大小,最终确定理想井位.以TEM在内蒙古正镶白旗地区地下水勘察中的应用为例,证明了TEM在确定含水层及井位上的有效性.     

江汉平原上空QTEC变化特征的统计分析

提出了一种观测台网用多接收机性能一致性的标定方法，并利用江汉平原GPS接收台网的观测数据，分析了该地区上空QTEC的日变化、季节变化、年变化和逐年变化的统计特征．标定结果表明，不同接收机之间的仪器偏差是从双频GPS卫星信标推算QTEC的主要误差来源之一，必须校正．统计分析证实，江汉平原上空QTEC的日变化特征同时受电离层和等离子层控制，其年变化以半年周期为主，峰值和谷值分别出现在两分点和两至点附近，QTEC值的逐年变化从太阳活动峰年到低年逐年下降，与以太阳黑子数为代表的太阳活动密切相关．     

An Unexpected Transannular [4+2] Cycloaddition during the Total Synthesis of (+)‐Norcembrene 5

We report a concise and versatile total synthesis of the diterpenoid (+)‐norcembrene 5 from simple building blocks. Ring‐closing metathesis and an auxiliary‐directed 1,4‐addition are the key steps of our synthetic route. During the synthesis, an unprecedented, highly oxidized pentacyclic structural motif was established from a furanocembranoid through transannular [4+2] cycloaddition.     

图的邻点全和可区别全染色

设f:V(G)∪E(G)→{1,2,…,k}是图G的一个正常k-全染色。令■其中N(x)={y∈V(G)|xy∈E(G)}。对任意的边uv∈E(C),若有Φ(u)≠Φ(v)成立,则称f是图G的一个邻点全和可区别k-全染色。图G的邻点全和可区别全染色中最小的颜色数k叫做G的邻点全和可区别全色数,记为f tndi∑(G)。本文确定了路、圈、星、轮、完全二部图、完全图以及树的邻点全和可区别全色数,同时猜想:简单图G(≠K2)的邻点全和可区别全色数不超过△(G)+2。     

小度数图的邻点可区别全染色

本文研究了最大度为3 且没有相邻最大度的图的邻点可区别全染色. 利用边剖分的方法, 构造了此类图更为一般的情形, 得到了它们的邻点可区别全色数的上界. 目前, 未找到最大度为3 的图且它的邻点可区别全色数是6. 本文的结果部分地回答了这个问题.     

紫杉醇的合成进展

紫杉醇是一种重要的抗癌药物,它具有复杂新颖的化学结构,为三环二萜类化合物.本文综述了紫杉醇的半合成和紫杉烷环的各种合成方法.     

土壤水分对近红外光谱实时检测土壤全氮的影响研究

利用近红外光谱技术实时预测土壤全氮含量是精细农业的研究热点之一,但是由于土壤水分在近红外波段的吸收系数较高,影响了土壤全氮含量的实时预测精度。使用布鲁克MATRIX_I傅里叶近红外光谱分析仪对不同土壤水分的土壤样本进行了近红外光谱扫描,定性和定量的分析了土壤水分对近红外光谱的影响,并提出了一种消除土壤水分对土壤全氮含量预测影响的方法。近红外光谱扫描结果显示在同一全氮含量水平下,随着土壤水分含量的增加,光谱吸光度呈逐渐上升的趋势,且变化趋势为非线性。通过对1 450和1 940 nm两个水分吸收波段的差分处理,设计了水分吸收指数MAI（moisture absorbance index）,再对土壤按照水分含量梯度进行分类,提出了相应的修正系数。修正后的6个土壤全氮特征波段处(940,1 050,1 100,1 200,1 300和1 550 nm)的土壤吸光度值作为建模自变量,使用BP神经网络建立了土壤全氮预测模型,模型的R_C,R_V,RMSEC,RMSEP和RPD分别达到了0.86,0.81,0.06,0.05和2.75;与原始吸光度所建模型相比较模型精度得到了显著提高。实验结果表明本方法可以有效地消除土壤水分对近红外光谱检测土壤全氮含量预测的影响,为土壤全氮含量实时预测提供了理论和技术支持。     

中国云南地区地面紫外辐射观测

 在云南丽江(26°52′N,100°13′E)和勐腊(21°29′N,101°34′E)两地分别对以254nm和297nm为中心波长的太阳紫外辐射作了地面观测.观测时间为1999年7月～2000年5月.本文分析了两地紫外辐射的时空变化并初步讨论了与云量、臭氧总量的相关关系.研究结果表明:297nm波段的紫外辐射夏季强,冬季弱,具有明显的季节变化.丽江地区的紫外辐射在同一云量条件下高于勐腊地区,这可能是由海拔高度的差异引起.云量对两地的紫外辐射变化有强烈的影响,而当剔除云量、季节和随机变化等影响因素后,紫外辐射和臭氧总量呈现出了负的相关关系.     

Total and inorganic mercury determination in fish tissue by flow injection cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry

A simple and reliable method for Hg determination in fish samples has been developed. Lyophilised fish tissue samples were extracted in a 25% (w/v) tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution; the extracts were then analysed by FI-CVAFS. This method can be used to determine total and inorganic Hg, using the same FI manifold. For total Hg determination, a 0.1% (w/v) KMnO₄ solution was added to the FI manifold at the sample zone, followed by the addition of a 0.5% (w/v) SnCl₂ solution, whereas inorganic Hg was determined by adding a 0.1% (w/v) L-cysteine solution followed by a 1.0% (w/v) SnCl₂ solution to the FI system. The organic fraction was determined as the difference between total and inorganic Hg. Sample preparation, reagent consumption and parameters that can influence the FI-CVAFS performance were also evaluated. The limit of detection for this method is 3.7 ng g^?1 for total Hg and 4.3 ng g^?1 for inorganic Hg. The relative standard deviation for a 1.0 µg L^?1 CH₃Hg standard solution (n = 20) was 1.1%, and 1.3% for a 1.0 µg L^–1 Hg²⁺ standard solution (n = 20). Accuracy was assessed by the analysis of Certified Reference Material (dogfish: DORM-2, NRCC). Recoveries of 99.1% for total Hg and 93.9% inorganic Hg were obtained. Mercury losses were not observed when sample solutions were re-analysed after a seven day period of storage at 4°C.     

Hyperthermal cluster-surface scattering

Using molecular-dynamics simulation, we study the processes occurring after impact of clusters on a rigid wall. Comparing the impact of model clusters consisting of 13 atoms, or of 13 diatomic molecules with varied bond strength, the systematics in the results of the collision process are investigated. Four regimes of impact-induced cluster fragmentation are identified: intact reflection, shattering into large fragments, complete fragmentation, and molecule dissociation. The effect of the number of degrees of freedom activated in the collision on the translational and internal energies of the reflected fragments is discussed in detail. As a rule, with increasing number of degrees of freedom which can be activated in the collision, the translational energy sinks. On the other hand, for weak intramolecular bonding, intramolecular vibrations are easily excited at small impact energies, reducing the resulting translational energy. The presence of even a very weak attractive well epsilon_w at the surface has a major influence on the sticking behavior of the clusters — and hence also on the absolute reflected energies — even at impact energies E₀ ≫ epsilon_w.