Measurement of attachment force of microbial cells

A parallel-plate flow chamber consisting of two transparent electro-conductive glass plates was constructed. The two glass plates were set parallel to each other and connected to a potentiostat apparatus to regulate the strength of the electric field between the plates. A microbial cell suspension was flowed through the chamber. This system enabled the application of an electrostatic force to suspend charged particles, e.g. microbial cells, existing between the two plates. The time course of the cell attachment of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atropurpurea NIAES 1309 suspended in 10 mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) to the glass plate was investigated at various electric field strengths ranging from −4.2 to +4.1 V cm⁻¹. The attachment rate and the maximum number of attached cells increased linearly with the increase in the strength of the positive electric field. In contrast, the rate and the number of cells decreased linearly with the decrease in the strength of the negative electric field. These linear relations gave a specific value for the strength of the electric field (−5.9 ± 0.7 V cm⁻¹) where the electrostatic repulsion and the microbial attachment force were thought to be equal, resulting in no cell attachment. From this value, the electrostatic repulsion, i.e. the microbial attachment force, was calculated to be 5.0 × 10⁻¹¹ N cell⁻¹ for cells of average size.     

Rapid quantification of HIV protease inhibitors in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

HIV protease inhibitors are important antiretroviral drugs which have substantially reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection. Recent data have shown relationships between plasma concentrations of the protease inhibitors and clinical response, which makes therapeutic drug monitoring valuable. We have developed and validated an assay, using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), for the routine quantification of the six licensed protease inhibitors (amprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir and saquinavir) and the pharmacologically active nelfinavir metabolite M8 in plasma. The sample pretreatment consisted of protein precipitation with a mixture of methanol and acetronitrile using only 100 microl of plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Inertsil ODS3 column (50 x 2.0 mm i.d., particle size 5 microm), with a quick stepwise gradient using an acetate buffer (pH 5) and methanol, at a flow rate of 0.5 ml min(-1). The analytical run time was 5.5 min. The use of a 96-well plate autosampler allowed batch sizes up to 150 patient samples. The triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in the positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring was used for drug quantification. The method was validated over the concentration ranges 0.01-10 microg ml(-1) for indinavir and saquinavir, 0.1-10 microg ml(-1) for amprenavir, 0.05-10 microg ml(-1) for nelfinavir and ritonavir, 0.1-20 microg ml(-1) for lopinavir and 0.01-5 microg ml(-1) for M8. Saquinavir-d(5) and indinavir-d(6) were used as internal standards. The coefficients of variation were always <10% for both intra-day and inter-day precisions for each compound. Mean accuracies were also between the designated limits (+/-15%). The validated concentration ranges proved to be adequate in daily practice. This robust and fast LC/MS/MS assay is now successfully applied for routine therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies in our hospital.     

重氮树脂与十二烷基硫酸钠相互作用研究

重氮树脂与十二烷基硫酸钠相互作用研究罗杨磊曹维孝（北京大学化学与分子工程学院北京１００８７１）关键词重氮树脂，十二烷基硫酸钠，负性ＰＳ版随着化学与生命科学领域的发展，大分子与小分子在溶液的相互作用越来越受到关注．表面活性剂因其具有自组装能力，...     

凹坑板式空气预热器的传热特性及多目标优化

以全焊接型凹坑板式空气预热器为对象,基于最优设计试验方案,运用Workbench Fluent软件数值模拟凹坑板片特征结构参数对传热流阻性能的影响。基于参数敏感度分析,得到单因素作用下对传热流阻性能的影响程度为凹坑的纵向间距>长轴>横向间距>深度。基于响应曲面法分析,得到多因素协同作用时,凹坑之间的结构参数横纵距对性能影响比凹坑自身的结构参数深径比大。基于遗传算法以摩擦因子f最小、努塞尔数Nu与综合换热因子J_F最大为优化目标,得到给定范围内的3组较优结构组合。     

分数阶黏弹性饱和地基与板的共同作用

基于层状分数阶黏弹性横观各向同性饱和地基的固结解答,采用边界元法与有限元法耦合的方法,探讨板与黏弹性饱和地基的共同作用。首先基于Mindlin中厚板理论,得到板的总刚度矩阵方程;随后引入分数阶黏弹性饱和地基的精细积分解答,获得地基柔度矩阵方程;最后利用板?土协调条件,得到黏弹性饱和地基与板共同作用的解答。与已有文献对比,验证了本文解的正确性,并讨论黏弹性饱和地基参数和地基加固深度等因素对筏板与地基共同作用的影响。     

超高压高CO2气藏偏差系数图版扩展与应用

Standing-Katz图版法确定天然气偏差系数是目前最常用、最基础的方法之一,但存在人工读值误差大、在超高压（拟对比压力大于15）和高CO₂含量天然气使用受限等问题。设计单组分偏差系数测定实验,结合Standing-Katz图版曲线变化规律,将图版拟对比压力扩展到30,拟对比温度扩展到3.6,并将图版数字化;基于不同CO₂含量偏差系数测定实验结果,推导了考虑不同CO₂含量的天然气拟临界压力、拟临界温度计算新模型,与常规非烃校正模型相比,新模型计算精度更高,适用范围更广。进一步将新临界参数校正模型嵌入到偏差系数扩展图版中,得到不同CO₂含量的偏差系数扩展图版,该图版在南海西部超高温高压、高CO₂含量天然气偏差系数计算中误差较小（不超过3%）,应用效果良好。     

LOWLAD: a locally weightedL 1 smoothing spline algorithm with cross validated choice of smoothing parameters

The computation ofL ₁ smoothing splines on large data sets is often desirable, but computationally infeasible. A locally weighted, LAD smoothing spline based smoother is suggested, and preliminary results will be discussed. Specifically, one can seek smoothing splines in the spacesW _m (D), with [0, 1] ⁿ D. We assume data of the formy _i =f(t _i )+ _i ,i=1,..., N with {t _i } _i=1 ^N D, the _i are errors withE( _i )=0, andf is assumed to be inW _m . An LAD smoothing spline is the solution,s , of the following optimization problem

摇椅形唇弓单独使用或联合平面导板矫治深覆

单独采用摇椅形唇弓或联合平面导板的方法,对２１例恒牙列期安氏Ⅱ类Ⅰ分类的低角型前突型深覆牙合患者进行了矫治,以观察两种方法临床疗效的异同。结果表明：１）摇椅形唇弓与平面导板联合使用有利于深覆牙合面型的改善,缩短了打开深覆牙合的时间;２）两种方法对牙齿的松动度及颞下颌关节（ＴＭＪ）的影响无显著性差异。对于低角型的深覆牙合患者,摇椅形唇弓与平面导板矫治能取得更好的临床疗效。     

夹层曲板在均匀轴向压缩下的稳定性

研究四边简支具有不等厚度表层的３层夹层曲板在均匀轴向压缩下的稳定性问题。方法采用广义变分原理和布勃诺夫－伽辽金法。     

Buckling of a ferromagnetic thin plate in a transverse static magnetic field

An energy theory is proposed on the buckling of a ferromagnetic thin plate in a transverse static magnetic field. The analytic solution of critical field for plates is obtained by using variational method. It is shown that the critical magnetic field is not only influenced by the ratio of the thickness to the length, but also by the width, total length and the magnetic susceptibility of the specimen. Theoretical calculations agree with experiments reasonably.