Automatic Electronic Tongue for On-Line Detection and Quantification of Organophosphorus and Carbamate Pesticides Using Enzymatic Screen Printed Biosensors

This work presents an automatic system, based on an electronic tongue, for resolution of mixtures of three pesticides. Inhibition detections were performed during the steady state of biosensors response. Three biosensors were built using two enzymes, electric eel (EE), genetically-modified Drosophila melanogaster (B131), and electric eel co-immobilized with drosophila melanogaster (BH). Calibrations curves for paraoxon, dichorlvos, and carbofuran were performed in the ranges 0.4–50.4 µM, 0.01–1.01 µM, 0.01–0.41 µM with LOD of 3.91 × 10^?8, 6.30 × 10^?11, and 5.84 × 10^?10, respectively. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model the combined response of three pesticides. A set of 19 mixtures were prepared in order to train the artificial neural network, the modeling was validated with a set of 6 spiked samples of river water. The error and recovery yields were found in consistent with expected values.     

围绝经期综合征舌苔脱落细胞凋亡调控蛋白与肝郁病理的相关性

通过研究围绝经期综合征舌苔脱落细胞调控蛋白与肝郁病理的相关性,为临床诊疗提供实验依据.本研究采用随机数字表法,选取50例健康妇女作为对照组,150例围绝经期综合征患者作为观察组,证素辨证计算肝郁积分,巴氏染色检测舌苔脱落细胞的成熟指数(MI)和成熟价值(MV),流式细胞仪检测舌苔脱落细胞凋亡指数,免疫组化检测舌苔脱落细胞调控蛋白.结果显示,围绝经期综合征肝郁积分明显高于健康妇女:肝郁病理改变,与舌苔脱落细胞MI的中层细胞数量呈正相关,与舌苔脱落细胞MI的表层细胞数量及MV呈负相关:肝郁病理改变,与舌苔脱落细胞凋亡指数、Fas、Bax的阳性率呈正相关,与舌苔脱落细胞中Bcl-2的阳性率呈负相关.提示肝郁病理是围绝经期综合征的核心病机之一,肝郁病理与舌苔脱落细胞的成熟度、凋亡指数及凋亡调控蛋白相关.     

基于有限元的舌体三维温度场数值模拟

依据生物体自然形态所进行的三维温度场建构与计算是近年来国内外生物传热研究中的焦点之一.采用血管铸型的方法获取猪舌的血管树,通过数码成像及逆向建模将其转换为计算机可识别的数字模型.以Pennes方程为基准方程,对自然形态和实际传热状态下的舌体三维温度场进行了重构计算,并获得成功.通过此方法可获取其它生物体器官三维空间的温度分布,对本研究而言,舌体三维温度场计算的成功为探索生物传热与中医舌诊的机理研究搭建了技术平台.     

Characterization,Classification, and Authentication of Polygonatum sibiricum Samples by Volatile Profiles and Flavor Properties

The importance of monitoring key aroma compounds as food characteristics to solve sample classification and authentication is increasing. The rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum (PR, Huangjing in Chinese) has great potential to serve as an ingredient of functional foods owing to its tonic effect and flavor properties. In this study, we aimed to characterize and classify PR samples obtained from different processing levels through their volatile profiles and flavor properties by using electronic nose, electronic tongue, and headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nine flavor indicators (four odor indicators and five taste indicators) had a strong influence on the classification ability, and a total of 54 volatile compounds were identified in all samples. The traditional Chinese processing method significantly decreased the contents of aldehydes and alkanes, while more ketones, nitrogen heterocycles, alcohols, terpenoids, sulfides, and furans/pyrans were generated in the processing cycle. The results confirmed the potential applicability of volatile profiles and flavor properties for classification of PR samples, and this study provided new insights for determining the processing level in food and pharmaceutical industries based on samples with specific flavor characteristics.     

NIR and UV-vis spectroscopy, artificial nose and tongue: Comparison of four fingerprinting techniques for the characterisation of Italian red wines

Four rapid and low-cost vanguard analytical systems (NIR and UV-vis spectroscopy, a headspace-mass based artificial nose and a voltammetric artificial tongue), together with chemometric pattern recognition techniques, were applied and compared in addressing a food authentication problem: the distinction between wine samples from the same Italian oenological region, according to the grape variety.Specifically, 59 certified samples belonging to the Barbera d’Alba and Dolcetto d’Alba appellations and collected from the same vintage (2007) were analysed.The instrumental responses, after proper data pre-processing, were used as fingerprints of the characteristics of the samples: the results from principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis were discussed, comparing the capability of the four analytical strategies in addressing the problem studied.     

母语迁移对大学英语教学的启示

在外语教学中，母语迁移一直都是个争论激烈的话题。很多学界人士都曾针对外语教学中附用母语教学所产生的影响发表过自己的见解。本文讨论了母语正、负迁移对外语学习的影响，更强调了如何在大学英语教学中充分调动母语正迁移的作用。     

驼峰设计中峰顶与计算点合理位置的探讨

本文主要论述了与驼峰计算长度有关的3个问题:1.峰顶的合理位置.认为,峰顶设在连接峰顶平台与加速坡竖曲线的始端较为合理;2.峰顶至第1分路道岔尖轨尖端最小距离的确定.提出了两种计算方法,并建议采用模拟的经验公式进行计算;3.点连式驼峰计算点位置的确定.提出了打靶区段长度的确定原则和计算点位置的确定方法.     

应用红外热象技术测试舌面温度的研究

应用红外热象技术研究健康人及几种典型病患者的舌面温度随年龄、性别、舌色的变化,介绍了健康人典型的舌热象图,并初步探索了舌面温度与人体脏腑的关系。详述了所研制的低温位热管黑体及舌热象摄制方法。     

壮族学生英语学习中母语的正向迁移

外语学习中母语迁移的影响是必然的。母语的迁移有两种:负向迁移和正向迁移。负向迁移往往会导致学习困难和错误,不利于目的语的学习;正向迁移在母语与目的语有相同形式时会出现,有利于目的语的学习。壮语在语言形式和结构及某些思维方式上比汉语更接近英语,在壮族学生的英语教学中,教师应通过英语和壮语的比较教学来充分利用正向迁移的影响,减少负面迁移的影响。     

结合白族学生母语改进英语语音教学的探索

分析了引起白族学生语音障碍的重要因素:源于母语迁移之干扰,教材编排不够合理,英语教学法缺乏"本土化".提出解决白族学生语音障碍问题的对策与措施.