基于GC-MS和计算机智能系统的烟草香精剖析及复配方法初探

通过GC-MS分析方法以及基于化学计量学建立的"烟用香精香料智能辅助调香系统"对复杂烟用香精进行定性定量解析,确定了香精的化学组成,并结合调香经验知识复配香精。从化学组成及气味特征两个方面对复配香精进行考察,结果表明,复配香精与原香精的色谱指纹图谱相似度达到97.8%,经专业调香小组品析,其气味特征与原香精基本一致。该工作综合仪器分析手段、化学计量学方法以及调香经验知识,为烟草香精的剖析和复配研究提供了一种思路。     

Design,Synthesis, and Antiviral Activity of α-Aminophosphonates Bearing a Benzothiophene Moiety

Abstract

A series of α-aminophosphonates containing a benzothiophene moiety was designed and synthesized. All synthesized compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ³¹P NMR, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The half-leaf method was used to determine the in vivo efficacy of α-aminophosphonates bearing a benzothiophene moiety against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Bioassay results showed that all compounds exhibited certain anti-TMV activity at 500 μg/mL concentration. Compound 2f exhibited a curative effect of up to 48.1% against TMV, which was almost similar to that obtained from the standard ningnanmycin (51.9%).

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfer, and Silicon and the Related Elements for the following free supplemental files: Additional text, figures, and tables.]     

乙烯释放剂对烟草抗氧化系统的影响

采用不同浓度乙烯利处理烟草K326品种幼苗叶片,探索外源乙烯对其叶片中酶促和非酶促活性氧(ROS)清除系统的影响.结果表明,适当浓度的乙烯利处理可提高烟草K326品种幼苗叶片内抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性.试验证实外源乙烯能够明显增强烟草K326的抗氧化能力,为进一步研究乙烯在胁迫应答以及提高植物抗逆性过程中的作用奠定了一定的基础.     

奉节烟区2013年主要病害发生动态及其防控

以烟田普查和系统调查为主要手段明确了2013年奉节烟区的主要病害种类及其发生流行规律,并在实践基础上根据病害的发生流行规律组配了主要病害的防控对策。2013年奉节烟区主要发生病害种类有烟草野火病、烟草赤星病、烟草黑胫病、烟草普花叶病毒病、烟草气候斑点病等5种病害。此5种病害的发生流行规律各不相同,防治时机和对策也各不相同。在防治上,不同病害的防治重点不同,主要以"预防为主、综合防控"的原则进行。     

Using Surfactant System to Wash a Polluted Soil by Petroleum Derivatives in Egyptian Abu Madi Fields in Terms of Emulsification

The exploration and production activities of the natural gas in Abu Madi region (in middle delta) progressed in the last decade. The condensate hydrocarbon and formation water are bi‐products produced during the natural gas industry. The accompanied water contains 10–15% condensate (gasoline). This water with gasoline was drained into the Shehab El‐Din drain. The farmers were used this water to irrigate their fields. Great areas of the fields were out of order of planting as the result of gasoline pollution. This work concentrates on washing the polluted soil using locally prepared surfactant (LABSA‐Na) in the washing process. The soil sample was picked up from the Abu Madi field and was divided into pots (four pots for each treatment). The experiment was designed on the basis of polluting the soil by gasoline (condensate) from 1 to 10%. The washing process was carried out in presence of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% surfactant solutions. The control and blank sample were taken in consideration. The washed and the latent oil percentages were determined using the spectrophotometric method. After polluting and washing the soil, the pots were fertilized and planted by Zea Mays. The pots were irrigated twice a week. The length of plants was followed up. The obtained results cleared that, the efficiency of washing process increases with increasing of the pollutant percentage and also with increasing of surfactant concentration. The maximum washed oil (gasoline) was obtained at 10% gasoline and 0.5% surfactant concentration. The length of plants after 21 days of planting were; 0 (no planting), 24, 34, 39, 54, and 57 cm against polluted soil and planted (control) washed soil by water only; washed soil by 0.1%; washed soil by 0.3%; washed soil by 0.5% and no polluted soil (blank) respectively. These data revealed that, removing the hydrocarbon from the soil by washing using surfactants is the most effective method as the result of solubilization and emulsification of the hydrocarbon by surfactant which make it more removable.     

不同非织造基质草皮的生长性能表征

论述了不同非织造布基质材料的基本力学性质。尤其是与草皮生长相关的物理化学性质的测量与表征．实验采用高羊茅草研究不同纤维、不同基布厚度、不同工艺结构非织造基质材料对草皮发芽、密度、均匀性及外观效果的影响．分析了基质材料、结构与草皮质量的相关性，在此基础上对实际植草质量和效果进行了综合评价．     

机械刺激对烟草悬浮培养细胞耐盐和重金属胁迫的影响

机械刺激(mechanical stimulation,MS)是自然界中普遍存在但又易被忽视的一种非生物胁迫因子.用提高摇床转速的方式对烟草悬浮细胞施加机械刺激,发现机械刺激可提高烟草悬浮培养细胞在盐和重金属胁迫下的存活率和再生能力,缓解盐和重金属胁迫下的细胞活力丧失和丙二醛( malonaldehyde,MDA)含量的积累.这些结果表明机械刺激可诱导烟草悬浮细胞耐盐和重金属胁迫耐性的形成.     

利用人内皮抑素基因构建植物表达载体及对烟草的遗传转化

将人内皮抑素(endostatin)基因重组于植物双元表达载体pGA 643,得到重组质粒pGE.用三亲融合法将其导入农杆菌LBA 4404中,采用叶盘法转化烟草,经诱导与筛选,获得了卡那霉素抗性植株.提取抗性植株总DNA,通过PCR扩增和Sou thern杂交检测,筛选出了整合有外源基因的转化植株.为进一步研究人内皮抑素在烟草中的表达及生物学功能奠定了基础.     

烟草原生质体活力检测和细胞核染色方法的研究

本试验以烟草叶片和烟草悬浮系制备的原生质体为材料,采用不同染料对原生质体活力和细胞核进行染色效果比较.结果表明,原生质体活力观察宜采用荧光素双醋酸酯（FDA）染色法,染色效果清晰易于观察,四嘧唑蓝（MTT）法则可定量反映原生质体活力;相对于其他细胞核染料,DAPI对不同来源的原生质体细胞核染色效果均较好,能够清晰地对原生质体进行观察和计数.本研究为今后原生质体的检测提供有用的参考.     

烟草叶片CO2传导与碳同化参数的研究

研究了不同部位烟草 (N icotiana tabacum L.)叶片光合作用 CO2 传导与碳同化酶的变化。结果表明 ,随着叶位降低 ,光合速率、叶肉导度 (gm)、碳酸酐酶 (CA)活性和核酮糖 -1,5 -二磷酸羧化酶 (Ru BPCase)初始活性快速下降 ,气孔导度(gs)先保持相对稳定后迅速下降 ,胞间 CO2 浓度 (ci)呈现升高、降低、再升高的变化趋势。光合速率与叶肉导度显著正相关 ,非气孔因素是烟叶光合功能衰退的主要原因。