高纯介孔二氧化钛纳米材料的制备及表征

以工业级硫酸钛为原料,EDTA为络合剂,PEG为结构导向剂,在酸性环境下采用控制沉淀法制备纳米高纯TiO2介孔材料。采用XRD、TEM、HRTEM和N2吸附-脱附等手段对样品进行分析。结果表明,所得颗粒直径约40 nm,孔道呈蠕虫状,孔径大部分在1~3 nm之间,最可几孔径在1.5 nm左右,比表面积为98 m2/g,ICP分析表明其纯度超过99.9%。光降解研究结果表明,在120 min内苯酚可得到完全降解,所得TiO2介孔材料具有良好的光催化活性。     

钛框架/CPC/BMP复合人工骨的钙磷碳变化规律

为了解决磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)/骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)植入体强度低的缺陷,提出一种钛框架/CPC/BMP复合结构的植入体,参考犬桡骨半月形断面及尺寸,利用计算机辅助设计与加工方法完成了相似形状的钛框架设计与制造,并将糊状CPC填充晾干后植入犬桡骨部位.通过动物实验,分析研究了钙磷碳的变化规律,得出了植入体钙磷碳变化模型.研究表明:植入体内的碳含量按二次抛物线增长,钙和磷的含量按线性规律递减,钙磷比则保持稳定;钛框架上有孔处的钙磷碳变化效率明显高于无孔处的变化效率.研究结果不仅为设计钛框架的形状提供了依据,而且证实了这种植入体的钛框架在不明显影响降解速度的条件下具有较好的支撑作用,因此扩大了CPC的临床应用范围.     

Super-plasticity of Zr<Subscript>64.80</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>14.85</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>10.35</Subscript>Al<Subscript>10</Subscript> bulk metallic glass at room temperature

Generally, bulk metallic glasses （BMGs） exhibit a very limited plastic deformation under a compression load at room temperature, often less than 2% before fracturing. In this letter, through an appropriate choice of BMGs＇ composition, an amorphous rod of Zr64.80Cu14.85Ni10.35Al10 with a diameter of 2 mm was prepared by using copper mold suction casting. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were utilized to determine its structure and thermal stability, and the uniaxial compression test was adopted to study its plastic deformation behavior at room temperature simultaneously. The results showed that the glass transition temperature and onset temperature of the exothermic reaction of the amorphous rod were 646 and 750 K, respectively, and its micro-hardness was 594.7 Hv. During compression, when the engineering strain and engineering stress arrived at 9.05% and 1732 MPa, respectively, i.e., the true strain and true stress reached 9.42% and 1560 MPa, respectively, the amorphous rod started to yield. After yielding, with the increase of load, the strain increased and the glass rod ulti- mately were compressed into flake-like form. Although the maximum engineering strain was larger than 70%, i.e., the maximum true strain exceeded by 120%, the amorphous specimen was not fractured, indicating that it has super-plasticity at room temperature. Through the appropriate choice of composition and optimization of the technological process, flexible BMG with super-plasticity at room temperature could be produced.     

纳米硬质合金制备工艺的研究与发展

综述了纳米硬质合金制备工艺的研究与发展,比较了生产纳米粉末的两种不同方法的优缺点,重点介绍了喷雾转化法,实验数据表明,晶粒长大抑制剂的种类、加入方法对晶粒长大有很大的影响,最后阐述了目前较流行的烧结工艺以及适用于纳米硬质合金烧结的等离子活化烧结和微波烧结。     

GO/TiO_2复合物的制备、表征及其光催化性能研究

以Ti(OC4H9)4为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了复合氧化石墨(Graphite oxide,GO)二氧化钛粉体(GO/Ti O2),且利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)及透射电镜(TEM)等仪器对其进行了初步表征.以罗丹明B(RhB)的光催化实验为探针反应,研究其光催化活性,发现与单纯Ti O2相比,复合纳米粉末的光催化活性有显著的提高.通过粉体的分子荧光光谱(PL)、紫外可见漫反射分析(UV-vis reflection)及电化学性能的测定,发现石墨的引入有助于减少电子的复合效率.同时,采用辣根过氧化物酶(POD)分光光度法、苯甲酸荧光光度法、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和KI分光光度法测定降解过程中的氧化物种,结果表明GO/Ti O2光催化机理涉及到超氧自由基的氧化机理,并未涉及催化剂的空穴氧化.     

硬质合金压力烧结炉优化操作智能决策支持系统及其应用

为提高硬质合金压力烧结炉的能量利用系数,挖掘生产潜力,采用基于传统的热平衡计算、神经网络、自适应变尺度混沌优化算法等相结合的集成建模方法研制一套操作优化智能决策支持系统.该系统具有自学习和自适应的特点,并已成功地应用于硬质合金压力烧结炉中.应用结果表明,用该系统优化出的操作参数指导生产, 各项生产指标显著提高,硬质合金压力烧结炉年产量提高5.5%,系统终点预报误报率小于4.5%,每年实际降低用电成本约50万元.     

Zr_(55)Al_(10)Ni_5Cu_(30)大块金属玻璃的晶化行为研究

分别在603 K、653 K、683 K、723 K、753 K、793 K和0.5 h、1 h、2 h、3 h、5 h的保温时间下对Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30大块金属玻璃进行了退火热处理.采用x射线衍射(XRD)法分析了退火后Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30大块金属玻璃的弛豫和晶化相析出的过程,计算了不同温度下结晶度和纳米晶粒尺寸的大小.通过差示扫描量热(DSC)法分析了Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30大块金属玻璃的热稳定性.Kjssinger曲线分析表明,Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30大块金属玻璃弛豫后晶化激活能高于其淬态的晶化激活能,退火温度对大块金属玻璃热稳定性有显著影响.     

Mechanical behaviour of the upper layers of a sandy loam soil under shear loading

The mechanical behaviour of the upper layers of a sandy loam soil was studied under standard triaxial compression and direct shear box tests. Variations of soil material properties were investigated at four different initial dry bulk densities of 1410, 1520, 1610 and 1670 kg/m³. Soil deformation and volume change under the triaxial compression loading were also studied at these bulk densities. Results from the two tests showed increases in the soil mechanical properties with the initial dry bulk density. The internal friction angle values measured with the triaxial compression apparatus exceeded those measured with the direct shear box. In contrast, the soil cohesion values measured with the direct shear box exceeded those measured with the triaxial compression apparatus. Under the triaxial compression test, the loose soil samples underwent contraction and volume reduction, whereas the dense samples swelled and failure cracks appeared clearly at various planes. The soil contraction for the former case characterizes the occurrence of soil compaction, whereas the cracks propagation and volume increase in the latter case characterizes the breaking up and loosening of soil during tillage operations. For the loose and moderately compacted states, the engineering Poisson's ratio increased with the axial strain until loading was completed. It also increased at the compacted and very compacted states until reaching given loading stages, after which its value started to decrease. This shifting in the engineering Poisson's ratio during loading may provide another identification of the moment of soil failure occurrence, in addition to that of the maximum shear stress.     

掺杂改性TiO2 /AC的制备及气相甲苯降解性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe、N离子共掺杂的TiO2/AC和TiO2/ACF负载型光催化剂,采用SEM、XRD、UV-Vis分光光度计等分析方法对催化剂样品进行了表征。选取甲苯为室内气相空气污染物的模型化合物进行光催化降解实验,探讨了催化剂制备过程中离子掺杂量、抑制剂种类、焙烧温度以及载体等对光催化剂活性的影响。结果表明, 催化剂在ACF上的分散效果优于AC上,制备的光催化剂均以锐钛矿相存在,Fe、N离子共掺杂实现了光催化剂在可见光区和紫外光区的双增强;以冰醋酸为抑制剂、离子掺杂量分别为N 8%和Fe 8%,ACF为载体,500 ℃下焙烧2 h所得TiO2/ACF光催化剂对气相甲苯的降解活性最高。     

Y~(3+)和Eu~(3+)离子共掺杂TiO_2纳米材料的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列Eu3+和Y3+双稀土离子共掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、BET、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、UV-Vis漫反射和荧光光谱分析等对样品的微观结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明:Eu3+和Y3+双稀土离子共掺杂比Eu3+或Y3+单组分掺杂更能有效地抑制TiO2纳米晶体的晶型转变,提高其比表面积;UV-Vis漫反射曲线均有一定的蓝移现象;Eu3+和Y3+双稀土离子共掺杂TiO2纳米体系中均能得到Eu3+特征发射光谱;以少量Y3+替代Eu3+时,Eu3+发光性能变得更强.以甲基蓝溶液为目标污染物,考察了Eu3+和Y3+双稀土离子共掺杂TiO2纳米粉体的光催化活性.结果表明,Eu3+和Y3+双稀土离子共掺杂比单组分掺杂更能有效地提高TiO2纳米粉体的光催化活性,并且Eu3+和Y3+稀土离子的最佳掺杂配比为1:4.