Synthesis and characterization of tetrafunctional lactic acid oligomers: A potential in situ forming degradable orthopaedic biomaterial

Tetrafunctional lactic acid oligomers with low molecular weight ethylene glycol cores were synthesized and characterized to assess their applicability to orthopaedics. Utilizing a visible light photoinitiating system, these oligomers polymerize within minutes to form highly crosslinked networks and, thus, have potential for in situ formation. Varying the oligomer structure readily alters the physical properties of the resultant polymer networks. For instance, mechanical properties were highly dependent on the number of lactic acid and ethylene glycol units in the oligomer backbone. Additionally, polymer mass loss ranged from ∼30 to 60% within 8 weeks of degradation time depending on the oligomer chemistry. Mechanical properties decreased with degradation of these polymers, indicating a bulk degradation mechanism. Finally, scaffolds with a controlled architecture were fabricated from these oligomers that show potential for tissue‐engineering applications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 683–692, 2001     

天然生物材料壳聚糖支架上人胚肺成纤维细胞的生长

采用不同粒度的硅胶粒子作为致孔剂,按硅胶和壳聚糖重量比9：1,制备了三组不同孔径的壳聚糖多孔支架．以无孔壳聚糖支架为参照,对多孔支架的有效孔径、吸水性进行了比较．结果表明：孔径大小由硅胶尺寸控制,吸水性随孔径增大而增大．为研究支架孔径大小对其生物相容性的影响,在系列支架上进行了人胚肺成纤维细胞的培养．细胞种植1d后,多孔支架上的细胞粘附较多,而无孔支架上的细胞伸展情况较好;细胞培养5d后,所有支架上细胞伸展情况良好,孔径越大的支架上细胞增殖越多．该研究结果将为天然生物材料壳聚糖作为组织工程支架材料的应用提供有益的指导．     

Beneficial Effects of Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) and Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) Extract on Rat Health

Polyphenols of Laurel and Myrtle exhibit structural diversity, which affects bioavailability, metabolism, and bioactivity. The gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating the production, bioavailability and, thus the biological activities of phenolic metabolites, particularly after the intake of food containing high-molecular-weight polyphenols. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the polyphenolic components of Laurel and Myrtle aqueous extract have beneficial effects on rat health. The growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase activity, pH value, body weight change and food efficacy ratio after intragastric treatment of rats with Laurel and Myrtle extract at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg for two weeks were investigated. The endogenous populations of colonic probiotic bacteria (Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria) were counted on selective media. According to the obtained data, Laurel extract in the applied dose of 50 and 100 and Myrtle extract (100 mg/kg) positively affects the rats health by increasing the number of colonies of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria compared to the control group, causes changes in glycolytic enzymatic activity and minor change in antioxidative tissue activity. In addition, high doses of Laurel increase food efficiency ratio, while Myrtle has the same effect at a lower dose.     

胶原支架材料的制备与表征

分别采用真空高温脱水和化学交联剂1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-碳化二亚胺处理经冷冻干燥后的胶原海绵材料,制备组织工程支架,讨论反应条件对胶原性能的影响,测定胶原支架的力学强度和降解特性.结果发现,不同的处理方法都能保持胶原海绵的三维多孔结构,孔隙率可达到90%;真空高温脱水获得的胶原海绵材料力学强度较小,但断裂伸长率略大;碳化二亚胺交联胶原海绵材料力学强度相对较高,抗张强度为380 kPa左右.胶原海绵交联后,降解速率显著小于未经交联的胶原材料.细胞培养试验表明成纤维细胞可以在支架材料上正常生长.两种交联方法处理胶原海绵,其细胞生长行为差异无显著性,适合于作为组织工程支架.     

观赏与食用两用型羽衣甘蓝的组培快繁试验

研究了观赏与食用型羽衣甘蓝的组培快繁技术,结果表明:适宜的起始分化培养基为MS BA0.7mg/L NAA0.1mg/L 30g/L蔗糖,25d可分化出小苗,分化率达93%;适宜的增殖培养基为MS BA2mg/L NAA0.02mg/L 30g/L蔗糖,繁殖系数为4.5;适宜的生根培养基为MS NAA0.2mg/L IBA0.8mg/L 20g/L蔗糖,10d左右可长出3~4条新根,生根率90%,移栽成活率达90%以上。     

新型骨组织工程体内生物反应器内晶体液交换规律

建立一种新型的骨组织工程体内生物反应器,观察该生物反应器内的晶体液及溶质交换指标,评价该体内生物反应器应用于骨组织工程细胞培养的可行性。①将12只成年新西兰大白兔随机分为两组,每组6只,分为含和不含不锈钢支撑架的两组。在每只白兔背部利用筋膜建立一个含或不含不锈钢支撑架的筋膜囊袋(生物反应器)。按统一标准构成2cm×2cm的筋膜包囊。②24h后经检验筋膜囊袋确认密闭性良好,再向囊袋内内注入2mL生理盐水。③在注入生理盐水后0h、1h、2h、3h、4h时间点,在直视下抽吸残余液体,测定液体量后再测定残液内Ca2 ,PO43-,Na ,K ,Cl-等离子浓度和pH值,同时测定兔血浆相应离子浓度。此新型体内生物反应器内在注入晶体液后,迅速和血浆进行溶质交换,随时间推移晶体液内离子成分浓度向血浆靠近,4h后晶体液基本吸收完全,含支架组与不含支架组的晶体液吸收速率不存在差异(P=0.067),初步测定晶体液吸收速率为:0.125mL/(h·cm2)。说明此新型体内生物反应器内晶体液渗透速率较快,能和体内内环境之间进行快速的物质交换,同时培养器容积可以满足培养长节段人工骨的需要,具备进行体内组织工程骨细胞复合结构中细胞营养交换的基本要求。     

基于被动波束成像的高强度聚焦超声焦点定位*

针对高强度聚焦超声治疗中实际焦点偏离引导治疗的几何焦点这一问题,本文基于被动波束成像原理,将治疗探头与影像探头联合,探讨一种新的焦点定位策略。首先,基于k-Wave声学软件创建了具有多层组织结构的超声传播模型,通过理论仿真探究了不同脂肪、肌肉厚度条件下被动波束成像方法定位焦点的准确性;除此之外,还通过仿体在实验环境下对该方法的有效性进行了初步验证。结果表明,在不同脂肪厚度的仿真模型中,被动波束合成所定位的焦点和几何焦点在轴向距离上分别与实际焦点平均相差（0.54±0.15）mm和（4.76±0.95）mm。在不同肌肉厚度的仿真模型中,由合成算法定位的焦点和几何焦点在轴向距离上分别与实际焦点平均相差（0.51±0.26） mm、（4.95±0.47） mm。仿体实验也验证了被动波束成像定位的焦点比几何焦点更接近实际损伤位置。本文从理论仿真和实验两个角度验证了被动波束成像方法在高强度聚焦超声焦点定位中的优越性,可为该方法进一步走向临床应用提供支撑,对提升高强度聚焦超声手术治疗的安全性有推动作用。     

Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Based Bioinks for Tissue Engineering

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies for fabricating various biomimetic architectures of tissues and organs. In this context, the bioink, a critical element for biofabrication, is a mixture of biomaterials and living cells used in 3D printing to create cell-laden structures. Recently, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)-based bioinks derived from natural tissues have garnered enormous attention from researchers due to their unique and complex biochemical properties. This review initially presents the details of the natural ECM and its role in cell growth and metabolism. Further, we briefly emphasize the commonly used decellularization treatment procedures and subsequent evaluations for the quality control of the dECM. In addition, we summarize some of the common bioink preparation strategies, the 3D bioprinting approaches, and the applicability of 3D-printed dECM bioinks to tissue engineering. Finally, we present some of the challenges in this field and the prospects for future development.     

基于扰动算法的组织光学断层图像重建

为了克服扰动算法初始值选择的局限性,提出了定性重建组织的吸收系数图像的预定标技术。根据由初始猜测值求出的边界上的正问题的解与实际边界测量值的比例关系,对吸收系数的初始值进行修正,使之达到一个合适的值之后再用于求逆运算,并在迭代过程中保持漫射系数的值不变。仿真实验中对组织吸收系数图像在采用和不采用预定标技术的情况下分别进行重建。结果表明,在初始值偏离真实解较远时,只有采用预定标技术才能得到预期结果。可见,预定标技术是对传统扰动算法的一种有效的改进。     

用CCD测量生物组织的漫反射率和透射率

介绍CCD实验装置和用C语言开发的CCD图像分析系统 ,测量和分析了新鲜猪脂肪和猪肌肉空间分辨的漫反射率和透射率 ,将测量结果与MonteCarlo模拟结果以及基于漫射理论的两个模型的结果相比较 ,结果表明在距离光束中心 12mm的范围内理论结果与实验结果符合得较好。结论是用CCD测量装置以及作者所开发的图像分析系统可以用于测定生物组织的漫反射率和透射率 ,这项测量为生物组织光学参数的无损和快速测量提供了实验依据。