The effect of 3D printing on the morphological and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone filament and scaffold

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing becomes an attractive technique to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds through its high control on fabrication and repeatability using the printing parameters. This technique can be combined by the finite element method (FEM), and tissue‐specific scaffolds with desirable morphological and mechanical properties can be designed and manufactured. In this study, the influential 3D printing parameters on the morphological and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) filament and scaffold were studied experimentally and numerically. First, the effects of printing parameters and process on the properties of extruded PCL filament were investigated. Then, using FEM, the effects of filament specifications on the overall characteristics of the scaffold were evaluated. Results showed that both the printing process in terms of resting time and remaining time and the printing parameters like pressure, printing speed, and printing path length have influenced the filament properties. In addition, both the filament diameter and elastic modulus had significant effects on the properties of scaffold especially, a 20% increase in the filament diameter caused the scaffold compressive elastic modulus to rise by around 72%. It is concluded that the printing parameters and process must be tuned very well in fabricating scaffolds with the desired morphology and mechanical property.     

Imaging the In Vivo Degradation of Tissue Engineering Implants by Use of Supramolecular Radiopaque Biomaterials

For in situ tissue engineering (TE) applications it is important that implant degradation proceeds in concord with neo‐tissue formation to avoid graft failure. It will therefore be valuable to have an imaging contrast agent (CA) available that can report on the degrading implant. For this purpose, a biodegradable radiopaque biomaterial is presented, modularly composed of a bisurea chain‐extended polycaprolactone (PCL2000‐U4U) elastomer and a novel iodinated bisurea‐modified CA additive (I‐U4U). Supramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the components ensure their intimate mixing. Porous implant TE‐grafts are prepared by simply electrospinning a solution containing PCL2000‐U4U and I‐U4U. Rats receive an aortic interposition graft, either composed of only PCL2000‐U4U (control) or of PCL2000‐U4U and I‐U4U (test). The grafts are explanted for analysis at three time points over a 1‐month period. Computed tomography imaging of the test group implants prior to explantation shows a decrease in iodide volume and density over time. Explant analysis also indicates scaffold degradation. (Immuno)histochemistry shows comparable cellular contents and a similar neo‐tissue formation process for test and control group, demonstrating that the CA does not have apparent adverse effects. A supramolecular approach to create solid radiopaque biomaterials can therefore be used to noninvasively monitor the biodegradation of synthetic implants.     

软组织形变算法仿真改进研究

 针对以表面网格表示的软组织形变过程中受力点最近邻质点求取算法存在的不足,提出了基于随机点搜索平面最近邻质点的改进算法.该算法将以往穷举集合的方式改为随机点树形搜索方式,使得算法减少了受力点与各个质点之间的距离大小的比较次数,在模拟平面组织形变时具有较好的实时性.实验表明,面积匹配算法结合质点弹簧算法能很好地模拟软组织形变的过程,达到良好的实时与准确性.     

皱疤坚螺在不同发育时期的酯酶(EST)同工酶比较

采用聚丙烯酰胺电泳法分析了皱疤坚螺(Camaena cicatricosa)不同发育时期3个组织的酯酶同工酶,得到19条基本谱带,其中有4条为公共谱带。实验结果表明:不同的组织之间酯酶同工酶存在差异。在相同组织的不同发育时期酯酶同工酶酶谱是相似的,但在谱带上也存在有细微的差异;肝的酯酶活性最大,足的酯酶活性最小。以酶谱为性状,对其进行了聚类分析,发现不同发育时期足和外套膜的相似性比较大,肝的酯酶同工酶酶谱出现了较大变化,而且依成体肝、亚成体肝和幼体肝的顺序与其它组织依次聚类。     

青杨组织培养快速繁殖

建立了青杨(Populus cathayana)组织培养系统.最适合的外植体是新切下的枝条插入含有蛭石和充足水的营养钵中24 h以上,使其在弱光下迅速长出嫩枝的茎切段和茎尖.茎切段和茎尖外植体经0.1%HgCl2或5%NaClO溶液表面消毒后,接种到大量元素减半、含0.5 mg/L 6-BA和0.03 mg/L NAA的MS培养基上诱导芽,试管苗的生根采用含0.5 mg/L IBA的MS培养基.试管苗茎段的分化依外源激素条件的不同而异.     

菠萝蜜嫩茎离体培养的研究

在成龄的菠萝蜜树茎干上取徒长的嫩茎为外植体,研究了菠萝蜜嫩茎离体培养的条件.结果表明:外植体芽萌发的最适培养基为MS 6-BA 2.0 mg.L-1 KT 1.0 mg.L-1 NAA 0.5mg.L-1;暗培养有助于芽的萌发;芽增殖的较适宜培养基为MS 6-BA 2.0 mg.L-1 KT 1.0mg.L-1 NAA 0.1 mg.L-1,连续培养7代后,其芽的平均增殖系数为4.3;本试验中增殖芽的诱导生根较难,还有待进一步地研究.     

欧李幼茎组织培养的初步研究

以欧李幼茎为外植体,通过在培养基中添加不同浓度的激素,研究欧李的快速繁殖方法,结果显示,以B5培养基为基本培养基,并添加一定浓度的6-BA,使欧李表现出最佳的生长状态,可分化出较多的不定芽.     

主链型不饱和聚磷酸酯交联体系体外降解性能

研究了主链重复结构单元中含富马酸酯的不饱和聚磷酸酯（UPPE）与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮（NVP）交联体系的体外降解过程,采用扫描电镜观察了降解一定时间后试样断面的形态结构．结果表明：交联体系试样是按照先表层、后中心。由外至内的规律进行降解,降解过程包括表层扩散溶出和基体降解两部分．在表层扩散溶出占主导阶段。交联试样中聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮（PVP）和NVP快速溶出,试样失重明显,试样吸水率、长度、直径也迅速增大;在基体降解占主导阶段,试样降解比较缓慢,试样失重、吸水率、长度和直径变化较小．     

红鳍东方鲀中华拟德氏吸虫病的组织病理学观察

通过对感染了中华拟德氏吸虫的红鳍东方鲀的解剖取样,显微镜观察,用组织连续切片法对被感染的病鱼内脏器官组织进行病理学观察．发现该虫在养殖的红鳍东方纯循环系统中寄生,明确了虫体、虫卵在体内各器官组织中的分布情况以及主要器官组织的病变情况．探讨了该病的病理变化和虫体、虫卵在体内的发育过程以及该虫的传染途径．