Properties of polystyrene-poly(methylmethacrylate) random and diblock copolymers in dilute and semidilute solutions

Solution properties for random and diblock copolymers of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been measured by dynamic and total intensity light scattering in solvents of differing quality. The results are compared with the corresponding properties for PS and PMMA homopolymers of similar molecular weight, in order to determine if interactions between unlike monomers are significant. The hydrodynamic radius (R_h) and diffusion second virial coefficient (k_d) for the random copolymer are found to be larger than the corresponding values for the homopolymers in a solvent which is near-theta for the two homopolymers, whereas no such effect is observed for the block copolymer. This suggests that most intrachain interactions occur a relatively short distance along the chain backbone. In a mutual good solvent R_h and k_d of the random copolymer are comparable to the average of the values for the homopolymers, indicating that in a good solvent monomer/solvent interactions dominate over monomer/monomer interactions. For an isolated diblock copolymer in a mutual good solvent, there is no evidence that interactions between unlike monomers lead to additional expansion of the entire molecule, as measured by R_h, nor expansion of the individual blocks as probed by light scattering with one block optically masked. However, at low but finite concentration there is evidence (the coefficients of the binary interaction terms in the viscosity and the mutual diffusion coefficient, and the second and third virial coefficients) that a weak ordering effect may exist in block copolymer solutions, far from the conditions where microphase separation occurs. Finally, measurements of ternary polymer-polymer-solvent solutions show no dependence on monomer composition or monomer distribution for the tracer diffusion of probe PS-PMMA copolymers in a PMMA/toluene matrix. This indicate that the frictional interaction is largely unaffected by interactions between unlike monomers. However, there is evidence that the thermodynamic interaction is more unfavorable between a random copolymer and the homopolymer matrix than between a diblock and the matrix. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

意识形态、文化批判与人的解放（上）——西方马克思主义美学的时代使命与历史局限性

通过对西方马克思主义美学的时代使命与历史局限性的整理，认为意识形态、文化批判与人的解放仍然是我们理解“当代的精神处境”的重要美学线索。     

带有非局部源项的发展方程全局解的不存在性

通过试验函数法,本文讨论了具有形如‖u‖p或‖ Du‖p的非局部源项的发展方程全局解的不存在性.     

牡丹与寒梅:以两种花卉阐释唐宋士人的差异

在中国古代,历来有花卉鸟兽抒情明志的传统。在特定历史时期中,某种自然物象同特定的情感和意义之间建立了相对稳固的关系,经过社会的认同,物象便转化为人的情感符号而失去了自身客观性质的特征而成为时代的一种标志。牡丹与寒梅就是唐宋两代士人给予充分观照的审美对象,前者艳绚丽、神采外放,代表了唐代建功立业、开张扬厉的时代精神;后者瞿瘦淡雅,外枯中膏,可与宋人淡泊收敛,质朴深微的心态相契合。唐人爱牡丹,宋人重寒梅,从两种花卉的分析中,可对唐宋的时代精神加以阐释。     

IA-32计算机技术课程的教学方法设计与应用

深圳职业技术学院计算机应用工程系对原微型计算机原理课程进行改革，经过对三届学生的教学实践，将《IA-32计算机技术》课程的教学方法归纳为“一个平衡点、一条主线、四个支撑”，并对这种教学方法的设计思想和应用情况进行了描述。     

Uptake and excretion of total inorganic arsenic by the freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris

Arsenic-tolerant freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris which had been collected from an arsenicpolluted environment were tested for uptake and excretion of inorganic arsenic. Approximately half the quantity of arsenic taken up by C. vulgaris was estimated to be adhered to the extraneous coat (10 wt %) of the cell. The remainder was bioaccumulated by the cell. Both adhered and accumulated arsenic concentrations increased with an increase in arsenic(V) concentration of the aqueous phase. Arsenic(V) accumulation was affected by the growth phse: arsenic was most actively accumulated when the cell was exposed to arsenic during the early exponential phase and then accumulation decreased with an increase in culture time exposed to arsenic. The alga grew well in the modified Detmer (MD) medium containing 1 mg As(III) dm^?3 and the growth curve was approximated by a ‘logistic equation’. Arsenic(III) was accumulated up to the second day of the culture time and arsenic(III) accumulation decreased with an increase in the culture time after that. Arsenic accumulation was also largely affected by various nutrients, especially by managanese, iron and phosphorus compounds. A modified MD medium with the three nutrients was proposed for the purpose of effective removal of arsenic from the aqueous phase. Using radioactive arsenate (Na₂H⁷⁴AsO₄), the arsenic accumulated was found to be readily excreted under conditions which were unfavourable for the multiplication of C. vulgaris.     

人文视野里的语文和语文教育

人文是人对自身本质特性的思索和探寻,包括理想人性及其实现方式,这种实现方式在人类社会主要体现为文化行为.人文视野里的语文表现出学科文化内蕴的综合性,言语符号内容与形式的同步性,人文精神展示的完整性等突出特点.要在语文教学中凸现人文性,必须注重教学行为的人文方式,教学材料的人文底蕴,文本解读的人文基点.     

城市污染源S0_2扩散规律研究

通过剖析几种常用大气污染物扩散模式,选取合适的大气扩散场参数,建立了适用于郑州市区的污染源SO2扩散模式。用该模式计算市区重点污染源典型月所排SO2浓度,其结果与实际监测结果进行对比分析,对比结果表明,在采暖期和非采暖期两个典型月的相关系数分别为0.727和0.713,达到显著水平。     

关于企业品牌与品牌文化的基本理论问题

通过借鉴国内外品牌及品牌文化发展和研究的成果,阐释了品牌及品牌文化的基本理论问题,包括品牌的内涵与特征,品牌与名牌、商标的区别及企业文化与品牌文化的区别。