长春市大气气相有机污染物探查

采用石英毛细管气相色谱及石英毛细管气相色谱-质谱,结合低温吸附,冷凝浓缩等技术,对长春市大气气相有机污染物进行了定性分析。质谱经计算机检索,鉴定出了十一类110种有机物,色谱测定出了40种烃类的保留指数,绘制了沸点与保留指数的关系曲线。     

应用层次分析法确定水生野生动物保护区主要污染源

本文使用层次分析方法来判定水生野生动物自然保护区内主要污染物和污染源,并且使二者由两次判断整合为一次判断,简化了保护区环境质量评价的过程。     

城市街道内污染物扩散的数值模拟

随着我国城市汽车保有量的迅速攀升,城市中心区的空气质量与生态环境急剧恶化.利用CFD数值模拟研究街道峡谷污染物的扩散问题,对比分析了开放街道峡谷和城市街道峡谷污染物的扩散问题,证明了计算域和入流边界处湍动能k和湍动能耗散率ε取值的重要性.计算结果与经典风洞实验符合很好,证实了相同条件下城市街道峡谷的背风墙和迎风墙上的污染物浓度均大于开放街道峡谷的相应值.利用3维建筑群计算实例,指出了寻求建筑群优化布局对减小小区污染的重要性.     

线性等温吸附条件下有机污染物在地下饱水带中迁移的数学模型及参数分析

为研究在固-液界面的吸附降解等行为对饱水带中的有机污染物的迁移转化过程的影响,综合考虑有机污染物在饱水带中的扩散、吸附解吸、分配以及微生物降解作用,根据线性等温平衡吸附理论,建立了地下水流动方程与有机污染物在饱水带中迁移方程耦合的数学模型,探讨了模型中的分配系数及溶解项、吸附项的一阶反应速率等参数的改变对有机污染物运移规律的影响.结果表明,随着分配系数的增大,有机污染物因固相介质的吸附和截留而被限制其随地下水迁移;微生物降解作用对有机污染物的浓度有重要影响,随着反应速率的改变,污染物在固相和水相中的浓度迅速改变.本文的研究结果为定量描述溶质迁移过程提供理论依据,同时也为实验室中模型参数的测定提供可靠的依据.     

水库倾斜地形污染混合区的三维解析计算方法

在恒定时间连续点源条件下,从移流扩散方程的简化三维解析解出发,对水库倾斜岸坡地形污染混合区的三维解析计算方法进行了探讨和理论求解,推导了污染混合区长度、最大宽度、最大深度、相应纵坐标和面积以及最大允许污染负荷量的解析计算公式,进行了污染混合区解析计算公式的分析与讨论。结果表明,水库倾斜岸坡地形污染混合区解析计算公式与等标污染负荷、流速、角域映射系数以及岸边混合扩散特性等因素有关,可以作为水库排污口污染混合区允许范围的计算依据,也可以根据水质目标浓度与背景浓度之差,以及污染混合区允许长度或面积或宽度计算最大允许污染负荷量。给出了非保守物质污染混合区长度的计算公式和忽略反应降解作用按保守物质处理的条件:降解数≤0.054。     

汕头市API指数年变化规律及控制对策

对汕头市全年空气主要污染物指数年变化规律进行统计、分析 ,结果显示 :其年变化规律受季节及气象要素影响 ,可吸入颗粒物浓度偏高的主要原因与人群活动有较密切关系 .并提出相应的控制对策 :加强对机动车尾气的控制、工业污染源管理和做好垃圾有效处理、主干道定期洒水降尘及绿化固土等工作     

上海市高架道路污染物浓度分布模式研究

通过对上海市高架道路的车密度和污染物浓度进行实测统计,分析了两者之间的关系．根据分析结果,以车密度为主要变量,建立了高架道路污染物浓度分布模式．其模拟计算结果与实测数据相关性良好,证明该模式可根据车密度的变化预测高架道路的空气污染状况．     

A-A2／O 工艺在城镇污水处理厂的运用实践

介绍了A-A2/O工艺流程、原理及特点和工程设计要素,并考察了该工艺在污水处理厂实际运用中的效果,研究表明：污水厂 COD、 NH3-N、 TN、 TP 等污染物的平均去除率分别为84.3％、73.2％、58.8％、93.6％,出水浓度稳定达到《城镇污水处理污染物排放标准》（ GB18918-2002）一级B排放标准限值。     

Optimization and detailed stability study on Pb doped ceria nanocubes for enhanced photodegradation of several anionic and cationic organic pollutants

A series of Pb doped CeO₂ nanocubes with seven different Pb loadings (2–12 mol%) were synthesized via modified hydrothermal technique. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, FT-IR, TGA, SEM, HR-TEM, EDS and UV–Vis DRS analysis. According to XRD analysis, the crystalline structure of synthesized pure CeO₂ and Pb-doped CeO₂ samples are cubic structure. The ceria nanocubes showed an increase in amount of oxygen vacancies with increasing the dopant concentrations. When the doping level of Pb is 6 mol%, the optical band gap of Pb-CeO₂ is smaller than that of pure CeO₂ nanocubes. The HR-TEM results confirms the cubic structure of 6% Pb-CeO₂ with average crystallite size of about 15 nm. The photocatalytic ability of Pb-CeO₂ catalysts were studied by degrading several anionic and cationic organic pollutants like methylene blue (MB), methylene orange (MO), methylene red (MR), rhodamine B (RhB), reactive blue 160 (RB160), salicylic acid (SA), coumarin and phenol. The 6% Pb-CeO₂ nanocubes shows better photocatalytic performance against anionic dyes especially for MB. To find the optimum condition for better photocatalytic performance of 6% Pb-CeO₂ nanocubes, the photocatalytic process was conducted in different initial reaction conditions like reaction temperature, catalytic dosage, dye concentration and pH of the reaction solution. The stability and recyclability of 6% Pb-CeO₂ photocatalyst was studied by XRD, FT-IR and EDS analysis after 5 cycles of MB degradation. The hydroxyl radical estimation and trapping experiments were conducted to observe the photocatalytic mechanism process in 6% Pb-CeO₂ nanocubes. The perfect doping concentration for better organic pollutant degradation by Pb-CeO₂ is found to be 6 mol% of Pb.     

All-solid-state BiVO4/ZnIn2S4 Z-scheme composite with efficient charge separations for improved visible light photocatalytic organics degradation

Constructing a Z-scheme is a significant approach to improve the separation of photogene rated carriers for effective organic pollutant degradation.Herein,a BiVO4/ZnIn2S4(BZ) Z-scheme composite was successfully synthesized,and applied to photodegrade methyl orange(MO) irradiated by a LED lamp.Anchoring the BiVO4 on the ZnIn2S4 nanoparticles promoted the separation of photogenerated electronholes and broadened the light response range.The detailed characterizations,including surface morphology,elements valence state,and photocurrent performance,demonstrated that the enhanced separation of photogenerated carriers was the pivotal reason for the enhanced photocatalysis reaction.Benefiting from the excellent photocatalytic characteristics,the 5% mass ratio of BZ composite presented the highest MO degradation rate of 0.00997 min^-1,which was 1.9 and 10.3 times greater than the virgin ZnIn2S4 and BiVO4,respectively.Furthermore,the BZ hybrid materials indicated a well photo-stability in the four recycling tests.