Characterization of Collagen from Three Genetic Lines (Gray,Red and F1) of Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia) Skin in Young and Old Adults

From tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farming, the by-products have been identified as a source of collagen that could be used for the development of dermocosmetics or pharmaceutical products. However, the characteristics of collagen related to a specific strain or culture must be well defined prior to its application. Collagen was extracted from the skin of three strains of tilapia: red YY males (YY: two Y-type sex chromosomes), XX gray females, and the F1: offspring of crossing red YY males with XX gray females; at different ages in the adult phase, using acetic acid and pepsin enzyme. The characteristics of acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) were shown by SDS-PAGE band profiles to be similar to bovine collagen type I (SIGMA), the PSC of gray tilapia being more fragile to temperature changes, consistent with the results of fractional viscosity. The characteristics of the F1 progeny were prioritized for being a commercially productive and sustainable source for the extraction of collagen, and the ASC form, being the one with the greatest stability and advantage over PSC, of importance to our investigations, leads to a controlled digestion as in the case of peptide induction, and also in the development of natural products in the pharmaceutical and/or dermocosmetic industry. Evaluations of the triple helix structure by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction and UV–visible spectroscopy give similar results between the strains: red, gray, and F1, and between ages in the adult form F1 (15, 24, and 36 months of age). Consequently, the skin of tilapia in adult form is recommended sustainably for up to 24 months of age where the collagen is obtained with the use of acetic acid without enzymatic treatment.     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定罗非鱼中9种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了罗非鱼中邻苯二甲酸二(2-甲氧基)乙酯(DMEP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-丁氧基)乙酯(DBEP)、邻苯二甲酸二戊酯(DPP)、邻苯二甲酸二(4-甲基-2-戊基)酯(BMPP)、邻苯二甲酸二己酯(DHXP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DNOP)共9种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取后,经LC-Si固相萃取柱净化,以甲醇和甲酸-乙酸铵缓冲溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用HPLC-MS/MS电喷雾正离子(ESI+)电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配外标法定量。9种PAEs在1.0～200.0μg.L-1范围内均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数不低于0.991 8,平均加标回收率为75%～107%,批内、批间相对标准偏差分别在1.9%～11.8%和3.6%～13.1%之间。该方法具有简单、快速、灵敏度高和定性准确等优点,满足残留分析的要求。     

核电站液态排放中放射性核素从海水转移到海洋生物的数值模拟

采用潮流污染扩散的数值模拟,得到了大鹏澳和西大亚湾部分海域的流场、浓度场分布。在此基础上,建立了放射性核素在罗非鱼体内转移的数学模型,并根据Fick定律以及物质守恒的原理建立了相应的微分方程组,对罗非鱼从摄取放射性核素110mAg,直到排泄该核素的整个过程进行数值模拟。模拟结果与有关实验基本一致,说明本模型的建立以及参数的选取是可靠的。这为预测核电站废水排放中放射性核素对海洋生物的影响提供了科学依据。     

用电子显微镜表征一种动物卵黄溶致液晶的结构特征及形成过程

作者简略总结了用电子显微镜(包括超薄切片术和冰冻蚀刻术)研究莫桑鼻给非鲫滤泡闭锁中卵黄溶致液晶的形成过程和结构特征;阐明电镜技术的使用能有效地揭示许多有价值的信息,如卵黄溶致液晶形成的过程、机制、作用以及缺陷等。     

不同低温条件下吉富罗非鱼的耐受性研究

应用室内人工降温,以0.5 ℃/2 h的降温方法研究吉富罗非鱼的低温耐受能力,分析比较不同低温条件下吉富罗非鱼的昏迷情况和死亡情况,评价其低温耐受性.结果表明:在8、9、10和11 ℃持续低温胁迫下,吉富罗非鱼的昏迷温度在8.9～10.5℃,半数昏迷温度为9.6℃左右;从开始出现昏迷到全部死亡的经历时间分别为14.5、18.5、24.5和28.5 h;昏迷维持时间与累计死亡率呈显著的线性相关,分别为:y=-0.0489x2+1.4330x-9.5078(R2=0.9999)、y=-0.0136x2+0.5024x-3.6385(R2=0.9649)、y=0.0038x2-0.0461x-0.1344(R2=0.9843)和y=-0.0034x2+0.2443x-3.2131(R2=0.9945).吉富罗非鱼的耐受性与时间和温度密切相关,其中8℃组耐受时间最短,11℃组最长.