基于二元语义多属性群决策的投影法

针对解决具有语言评价信息的多属性群决策问题,提出了一种基于二元语义信息处理的群决策方法。该方法采用近年来最新发展的二元语义概念对语言评价信息进行处理和运算,并依据传统投影分析方法的基本思想,通过计算备选方案对正理想方案和负理想方案的投影值,进而计算备选方案对正理想方案相对贴近度,最终确定最优方案。该方法具有对语言信息处理较为精确的特点,避免了以往采用的语言信息处理方法所带来的信息扭臼和损失。最后给出了实例分析。结果表明方法简单,有效和易于计算。     

Proficiency testing in analytical chemistry,microbiology and laboratory medicine – working group discussions on current status,problems and future directions

Working group (WG) discussions on proficiency testing and external quality assessment held at the Eurachem workshop, Portorož, Slovenia 26–27 Sept 2005 are summarised. The discussions focused on performance criteria (WG 1), different aspects of accreditation (WGs 2–3), the revised international harmonised protocol (WG 4), pre- and post-analytical schemes (WG 5), Internet applications (WG 6), experience from the CoEPT project (WG 7), and future aspects (WG 8). Current status, problems and future directions were identified. The WG contained a mix of participants with different expertise. This was done to promote cross-fertilisation of ideas between sectors. The WG issues reflected the content of the keynote lectures and some issues were covered from different perspectives by more than one WG.Presented at the Eurachem PT Workshop September 2005, Portorož, Slovenia.     

Occurrence of betablockers in effluents of wastewater treatment plants from the Lyon area (France) and risk assessment for the downstream rivers

Five betablockers (oxprenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, bisoprolol, betaxolol) were analysed in effluents collected over a 3-month period from wastewater treatment plants (WTP) from the Lyon area in France. The analytical protocol consisted of solid phase extraction of the dissolved aqueous phase on HLB cartridges and analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass detection (GC-MS) after derivatization. Concentrations of metoprolol, propranolol and bisoprolol varied from 45 to 2838 ng/L whereas oxprenolol and betaxolol were never detected in these effluent samples. A high variability of betablockers concentrations and fluxes was observed between WTP effluents and within each WTP over the time period studied. Considering a flux per person for a dry weather period, Fontaine plant was pointed out as the less efficient WTP, which might be explained by its type of treatment (biological aerated filters). But we need additional analysis of effluent and influent waters to confirm this hypothesis. A tentative approach of local environmental risk assessment of propranolol based on the calculation of PEC/PNEC (predicted environmental concentration/predicted non effect concentration) ratio approach lead us to conclude on a negligible risk for the downstream rivers (Rhône river at Ternay and Saône river at Couzon Mt d’Or).     

面向工艺路线的废旧零部件可再制造性评价

废旧品作为再制造的对象,其拆卸后的废旧零部件是否适合再制造,需要进行可再制造性评价,而且每个废旧零部件可再制造的程度与其采用的工艺路线相关。针对废旧零部件的材料特征、失效形式和失效程度等均具有高度不确定性的特点,以原产品制造数据和国家环境排放标准为基准,建立了面向工艺路线的废旧零部件可再制造性评价模型。模型包括竞争性因子评价和可持续性因子评价2个模块,采用层次分析法,分别从废旧零部件再制造的经济可行性、质量可行性、资源可行性和环境可行性等4个方面评价其可再制造度,并为适合再制造的废旧零部件选取最优的再制造工艺路线。最后,通过发动机废旧零部件可再制造性评价实例,证明了该评价方法能够有效地解决具体的、个性化的废旧零部件再制造的工程技术操作问题。     

电工电子实验教学环节的探索

提高电工电子实验教学的质量,必须改善电工电子实验教学的有关环节。而确定教学目的是改善电工电子实验教学环节的关键,改善的主要内容是：优化教学模式、优化教师的指导技巧、优化课程的考核方式。从而达到对学生相关能力培养和提高学生综合素质的目的。     

危险源重要度评价及其分级监控管理

基于我国安全现状和现有评价方法的不足,提出危险源重要度评价概念,并介绍此方法的评价思路和依据.选取某化工企业中一个工艺过程进行分析,对第一、第二类危险源及维修方式进行重要度评价,根据分析结果,提出分级控制措施和实施部门,利于资源分配及责任划分.对物的不安全状态单元提出了设备分级维修思想.结果表明:重要度评价方法能够更系统、快捷的对企业危险源进行分级,并划分责任区域和控制措施,提升安全水平.     

动态环境下燃压机组的自适应安全评估方法

天然气管线工程不断扩建增输,作为天然气输送动力源的压缩机组能否安全、可靠的运行十分重要。传统的安全监测因指标权重不具备随工况自适应调整的能力,评估结论的准确性不高。利用博弈理论,提出一种评估指标权重的自适应调配机制和基于时间立体视角的综合评估方法,并用该方法对某一增压站天然气燃压机组进行实例评估分析。结果表明,该方法可动态跟踪并预示系统的安全状态,提高了动态安全评估的准确性,有效抑制了故障的苗头。现场测试验证了该方法的有效性。     

甘肃北山预选区地质处置系统初步FEPs分析

特征、事件和过程(简称FEPs)分析是高放废物地质处置性能评价中的一个至关重要的步骤,基于瑞典SKB FEPs数据库,论文利用特征、事件和过程分析方法,结合我国甘肃北山地区实际情况,修正、排除和增加了FEPs,列举了适合于北山高放废物处置库系统的FEPs,对我国高放废物处置系统性能评价具有重要参考意义.     

CNG加气站火灾爆炸风险后果的指数评价

CNG加气站风险评价的一个重要方面是对其火灾爆炸失效后果进行评价。目前加气站燃烧爆炸事故的风险评估主要以预先危险性分析、故障树分析等定性风险分析方法为主。阐明了加气站事故损害的影响因素,包括一般工艺危险性和特殊工艺危险性分析。并对加气站火灾爆炸危险性作了全面的分析。在此基础上,对某CNG常规站采用指数评价法开展加气站火灾爆炸风险后果的定量评价,为站场定量风险评价研究工作奠定了基础。     

Integrated bank performance assessment and management planning using hybrid minimax reference point – DEA approach

The purpose of assessing past performances and setting future targets for an organisation such as a bank branch is to find where the branch stands in comparison to its peers within the bank branch network and how to improve the efficiency of its operations relatively when compared to the best practice branches. However, future performance targets may be set arbitrarily by the head-office and thus could be unrealistic and not achievable by a branch. A hybrid minimax reference point-data envelopment analysis (HMRP-DEA) approach is investigated to incorporate the value judgements of both branch managers and head-office directors and to search for the most preferred solution (MPS) along the efficient frontier for each bank branch. The HMRP-DEA approach is composed of three minimax models, including the super-ideal point model, the ideal point model and the shortest distance model, which share the same decision and objective spaces, are different from each other only in their reference points and weighting schema, and are proven to be equivalent to the output-oriented DEA dual models. These models are examined both analytically and graphically in this paper using a case study, which provides the unprecedented insight into integrated efficiency and trade-off analyses. The HMRP-DEA approach uses DEA as an ex-post-facto evaluation tool for past performance assessment and the minimax reference point approach as an ex-ante planning tool for future performance forecasting and target setting. Thus, the HMRP-DEA approach provides an alternative means for realistic target setting and better resource allocation. It is examined by a detailed investigation into the performance analysis for the fourteen branches of an international bank in the Greater Manchester area.