An immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann flux solver and its applications to fluid–structure interaction problems

An immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann flux solver (IB–LBFS) for the simulation of two-dimensional fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems is presented in this paper. The IB–LBFS applies the fractional-step method to split the overall solution process into the predictor step and the corrector step. In the predictor step, the intermediate flow field is predicted by applying the LBFS (lattice Boltzmann flux solver) without considering the presence of immersed object. The LBFS applies the finite volume method to solve N–S (Navier–Stokes) equations for the flow variables at cell centers. At each cell interface, the LBFS evaluates its viscous and inviscid fluxes simultaneously through local reconstruction of the LBE (lattice Boltzmann equation) solutions. In the corrector step, the intermediate flow field is corrected by the implicit boundary condition-enforced immersed boundary method (IBM) so that the no-slip boundary conditions can be accurately satisfied. The IB–LBFS effectively combines the advantages of the LBFS in solving the flow field and the flexibility of the IBM in dealing with boundary conditions. Consequently, the IB–LBFS presents a much simpler and more effective approach for simulating complex FSI problems on non-uniform grids. Several test cases, including flows past one and two cylinders with prescribed motions, are firstly simulated to examine the accuracy of present solver. After that, two strongly coupled fluid–structure interaction problems, i.e., particle sedimentations and vortex-induced vibrations of a circular cylinder are investigated. Good agreements between the present results and those in literature verify the capability and flexibility of IB–LBFS for simulating FSI problems.     

Heat transfer from a hot moving steel plate by using Cu-Al layered double hydroxide nanofluid based air atomized spray

The current research is focused on the cooling of a hot moving steel plate by using air atomized spray cooling technique. A new type of coolant, Cu-Al LDH nanofluid, has been prepared and used for heat flux removal. Preparation method of nanofluid and its characteristics has been reported. The cooling effectiveness is reported in terms of cooling rate by varying the concentration of nanofluid in five levels. The results indicate that the cooling rate increases at very low concentration of LDH with respect to base fluid. However, beyond a certain concentration a decreasing trend of cooling rate has been observed.

Abbreviations: CHF: Critical heat flux; HTC: Heat transfer coefficients; LDH:Layered double hydroxide; TEM: Transmission electron microscopy.     

Development of new CdZnTe detectors for room‐temperature high‐flux radiation measurements

Recently, CdZnTe (CZT) detectors have been widely proposed and developed for room‐temperature X‐ray spectroscopy even at high fluxes, and great efforts have been made on both the device and the crystal growth technologies. In this work, the performance of new travelling‐heater‐method (THM)‐grown CZT detectors, recently developed at IMEM‐CNR Parma, Italy, is presented. Thick planar detectors (3 mm thick) with gold electroless contacts were realised, with a planar cathode covering the detector surface (4.1 mm × 4.1 mm) and a central anode (2 mm × 2 mm) surrounded by a guard‐ring electrode. The detectors, characterized by low leakage currents at room temperature (4.7 nA cm^?2 at 1000 V cm^?1), allow good room‐temperature operation even at high bias voltages (>7000 V cm^?1). At low rates (200 counts s^?1), the detectors exhibit an energy resolution around 4% FWHM at 59.5 keV (²⁴¹Am source) up to 2200 V, by using commercial front‐end electronics (A250F/NF charge‐sensitive preamplifier, Amptek, USA; nominal equivalent noise charge of 100 electrons RMS). At high rates (1 Mcounts s^?1), the detectors, coupled to a custom‐designed digital pulse processing electronics developed at DiFC of University of Palermo (Italy), show low spectroscopic degradations: energy resolution values of 8% and 9.7% FWHM at 59.5 keV (²⁴¹Am source) were measured, with throughputs of 0.4% and 60% at 1 Mcounts s^?1, respectively. An energy resolution of 7.7% FWHM at 122.1 keV (⁵⁷Co source) with a throughput of 50% was obtained at 550 kcounts s^?1 (energy resolution of 3.2% at low rate). These activities are in the framework of an Italian research project on the development of energy‐resolved photon‐counting systems for high‐flux energy‐resolved X‐ray imaging.     

浅海舰船噪声声强流的垂直方向性

浅海环境中,确定性声源的多途声信号干涉使得接收点处声强流的方向发生改变,不再与声源位置处的声强流方向一致。只测量声场的标量声强时,无法得到接收点处声强流的垂直方向性,而基于简正波矢量场建模和仿真,可获得理想条件下宽带点声源激发声场声强流的垂直方向性。本文采用单矢量水听器进行海上实验,获得了海洋环境噪声和干扰条件下舰船噪声声强流的垂直方向性。仿真和实验结果表明:远场条件下,浅海干涉现象引起接收点处声强流的方向(极角)随频率和距离变化,其时间-频率分布呈现与LOFAR谱干涉条纹相似的条纹,声强流的极角值主要分布在70?～110?范围内。     

Spectral modulation of third-harmonic generation by molecular alignment and preformed plasma

We demonstrate spectral modulation of third-harmonic generation from molecular alignment effects. The third harmonic spectrum is broadened or narrowed under different influences of cross-phase modulations originating from various molecular alignment revivals. Furthermore, the spectrum and spatial distribution of the generated third harmonic pulse change dramatically in the presence of a preformed plasma. Under the influence of a preformed plasma, a narrower third harmonic spectrum is observed, and the conical third-harmonic pulse increases while the axial part decreases. The investigation provides an effective method to modulate the spectral characteristic and spatial distribution of third-harmonic generation from intense femtosecond filament.     

反应溅射法制备高透明导电ZnO薄膜的研究

利用Zn/ZnO复合靶材,通过射频磁控溅射技术,在衬底温度为150℃时分别在Ar+O2和Ar+H2的混合气氛中制备ZnO薄膜,通过干涉显微镜、XRD、Hall效应测试仪、紫外-可见分光光度计研究了O2和H2流量对薄膜结构及透明导电性能的影响.结果发现,薄膜厚度随O2流量增加而明显增加而随H2流量增加呈下降趋势.只有通入合适流量的O2或H2,薄膜才能保持(002)择优取向、较高的结晶度以及较小的压应力,同时在薄膜中形成高浓度Vo和/或Hi等缺陷,因此有效降低ZnO薄膜的电阻率,并保持高的透光率,从而改善ZnO薄膜透明导电性能.当前研究中,当O2和H2流量分别为0.4 sccm和2.0 sccm时,得到的最低电阻率分别为6.33×10-3和2.51×10-3Ω·cm,平均透光率均大约为81.5;,相应的最高品质因子分别为1.04×10-3和1.29×10-3 Ω-1.     

基于Comsol的双环磁控溅射靶的磁场模拟分析

影响靶材刻蚀特性的主要因素来自平行靶面的磁场分布,为了得到更优的磁控靶结构参数以实现靶面水平磁感应强度的均匀分布,本文利用Comsol软件对双环磁控溅射靶的靶面水平磁感应强度分布进行模拟分析,得出了当内磁环高度h=10 mm,外磁环与靶材间距d=7 mm时的靶面水平磁感应强度分布较为理想.除此之外,还探讨了加装导磁片对靶面水平磁感应强度的影响,结果表明采用适当的导磁片长度、厚度以及导磁片与磁环之间的间距,对靶材的水平磁场强度分布具有调节作用.在工程应用中,技术人员可以事先对靶材结构进行模拟优化以节省生产周期和成本,对实际生产具有指导意义.     

球对称动态黑洞视界附近的瞬时辐射能通量及瞬时辐射功率

采用黑洞的薄膜模型和局域热平衡的假定,研究球对称动态黑洞视界附近的瞬时辐射能通量和瞬时辐射功率,得到了当截断距离η取定后,Vaidya黑洞视界附近标量场的瞬时辐射能通量与黑洞的质量和视界变化率有关,其瞬时辐射功率仅与黑洞的视界变化率有关.Vaidya-Bonner黑洞的瞬时辐射能通量和瞬时辐射功率与黑洞的质量、电荷和视界变化率有关.表明黑洞周围的引力场、电磁场以及视界的变化均对黑洞的热辐射产生影响.     

Features of evanescent Bessel light beams formed in structures containing a dielectric layer

Based on the matrix method, a theory of generation of evanescent Bessel light beams (BLBs) in a structure containing a dielectric layer is developed. An exact solution is obtained for the problem of the tunneling of vector BLBs (TE and TM modes and their linear superposition) through the layer surrounded by various dielectric media in conditions of the total internal reflection at its boundaries. The behavior of energy fluxes both inside the layer and in ambient media is investigated.     

各向异性色散左手材料平面波导的导模特性(英文)

对芯层为左手材料而内外包层都是普通材料的非对称三层平面波导TE振荡模进行了分析.在考虑左手材料色散和各向异性的情况下,从Maxwell方程组出发,得到了TE振荡模的色散方程和功率流分布,并且画出了相应的色散曲线.我们找到了8个TE振荡模,而且包括基模.随着模阶数的增加,模色散曲线右移,功率流曲线下移.但是,随着波导厚度的增加,色散曲线左移,功率流曲线上移.此外,TE振荡模有反常色散特性和负的群速,这正揭示了左手材料的本质特性.