Response surface methodology (RSM) of chicken skin gelatin based composite films with rice starch and curcumin incorporation

This study aims to optimize the formulation of composite films based on chicken skin gelatin with incorporation of rice starch (10–20%, w/w) and curcumin (0.03–0.10%, w/v). The effect of their interaction on film's tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), water vapor permeability (WVP) and antioxidant properties (DPPH%) were investigated using a response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD). The optimized film formulation was further validated to indicate the validity of the prediction model. The optimum conditions of the film were selected with incorporation of rice starch at 20% (w/w) and curcumin at 0.03% (w/v). The optimized film formulation has revealed better mechanical properties with low WVP value and good antioxidant activity. The results showed that optimized composite films formulation based on chicken skin gelatin with the incorporation of rice starch and curcumin has proving good validation of model prediction and can be effectively utilized in food packaging industry.     

Dynamic adhesion due to fluid infusion

The resistance of fluid infusion inside a thin film that separates an opening gap leads to viscous adhesion. Viscous adhesion can be detrimental for some mechanical devices such as valves or during additive manufacturing processes. On the other hand, it is also a mechanism found in nature for dynamic reversible adhesion. In this article we review analysis and measurements of viscous adhesion. In particular, we give conditions where viscous adhesion dominates over other surface forces. We also describe how characteristics of the solid surfaces such as roughness and elasticity, as well as the compliance of the load cell can be incorporated in the analysis. Finally, we discuss the knowledge gaps and scientific areas where a better understanding of viscous adhesion could be beneficial.     

氧分压对IWO薄膜表面形貌及光电性能的影响

掺钨氧化铟(In2O3:W,IWO)薄膜是一种新型的透明导电氧化物(TCO)薄膜,其中W与In之间存在着较高的价态差,使得IWO薄膜与其他TCO薄膜相比,在相同的电阻率条件下具有载流子浓度低、迁移率高和近红外区透射率高的特点.利用直流磁控溅射法制备了IWO薄膜,利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、霍尔效应及分光光度计表征了薄膜的表面形貌及光电性能.在工作压力1 Pa、氧分压为2.4×10-1Pa的条件下,实验中制备的IWO薄膜最佳电阻率为6.3×10-4Ω.cm,最高载流子迁移率为34 cm2V-1s-1,载流子浓度达到2.9×1020cm-3,可见光平均透射率约为85%,近红外平均透射率大于80%.     

计入RBFNN重构油膜力的发动机连杆变形分析

提出了一种发动机连杆瞬态变形分析的耦合分析法。设计了一个3层径向基神经网络(RBFNN),来重构活塞组件的二维油膜力,通过连杆的耦合方程,得到了连杆两端的耦合力,进而借助商用有限元软件ANSYS分析了发动机连杆的瞬态变形,同时该耦合方法的有效性被证实。仿真结果表明:在计入二维活塞组件油膜力作用下,连杆最大变形可提前或落后于压缩行程的下止点。     

日本有机薄膜太阳能电池研究进展

通过调查近两年的最新文献资料,综述了有机太阳能电池的优劣和国际研究现状.从多个侧面阐述了日本有机太阳能研究现状,并探讨了今后有机薄膜器件研究的发展趋势和走向.     

戴维·洛奇小说中的电影艺术

英国文坛的常青树戴维.洛奇不仅在小说创作和小说评论方面颇有建树,而且在戏剧、电视、电影方面也有所涉猎,因此他深谙戏剧和电影的艺术表现手法,并在自己的小说创作中多有运用;他充分发挥了小说兼容并包的特点,引入蒙太奇、影视脚本、电影场景等影视表现手法为己所用,使文字媒介达到了动态视觉艺术的效果,使现代小说艺术得到了发展和超越。     

Crystallization of poly-p-oxybenzoate on mica

Thin film polymerization/crystallization of poly-4-oxybenzoate (P-4-OB) from melt or dilute solutions yields on mica cleavage surface an epitaxial overgrowth with crystal blocks oriented in 1 to 3 substrate directions rotated by 60°. The b and c crystal axes of P-4-OB lie in the mica cleavage plane, with the a axis being perpendicular to it. At higher polymerization temperatures a different type of P-4-OB orientation on mica was also observed: two P-4-temperatures a different type of P-4-OB orientation on mica was also observed: two P-4-OB phase I crystals, again with b- and c-axes lying parallel to mica cleavage plane, were oriented perpendicular to each other. There is a pronounced tendency of the relatively thick P-4-OB overgrowth to form complex crystal structures involving both phase I and II with different types of orientation on mica substrate. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Poly(terephthalic anhydride) single crystals: Morphology and crystal structure

Single crystals of poly(terephthalic anhydride) (PTA) have been grown using the confined thin film melt polymerization technique. Thin lamellae (ca. 50 Å) are found for low polymerization temperatures, with thick crystals forming for polymerization at 200°C. Shearing of the material shortly after the initiation of polymerization at 200°C yielded single crystal domains composed of fibrillar texture material; these samples gave [010] zone ED patterns complementing the [001] zone patterns from the unsheared CTFMP samples. A monoclinic, single chain, two repeat unit, unit cell (Pc11) is proposed based on four different electron diffraction zone patterns: a = 6.01 Å, b = 3.94₅ Å, c = 14.11 Å, α = 106.9°. Simulations, using the Cerius² program, of the corresponding molecular conformation, packing and electron diffraction (ED) patterns were performed; the ED simulations are in good agreement with the observed patterns. An R-factor of 0.23 is obtained based on a comparison of calculated and observed structure factors for the 39 independent ED reflections observed on the different zone patterns. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Chemical assays of end-groups displayed on the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films and membranes by radiolabeling

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films and track-etched microporous membranes naturally display, on their surfaces, reactive chain-ends, i.e. carboxyl and hydroxyl functions. These were assayed by suitable activation (reaction with carbodiimide and tosyl chloride, respectively), followed by coupling with ³H-lysine and liquid scintillation counting of the sample-associated radioactivity. Values ranging between 5 and 30 pmol/cm² (open surface) of labeled end-groups were obtained, depending on the physico-chemical nature of the samples. Basic hydrolysis enriched the PET films with both types of endings (15–25 pmol/cm²). Reduction of films with the NaBH₄-catechol complex in tetrahydrofuran enriched their surfaces with hydroxyl groups. However, this procedure was not readily applicable to the surface modification of membranes; we observed an erosion effect that was confirmed by scanning electron microscope analyses. In contrast with the reduction process, the oxidation with KMnO₄ in 1.2N H₂SO₄ could be easily applied to the modification of either films or membranes; their surfaces were significantly enriched with carboxyl groups (15–50 pmol/cm²). This surface modification strategy has been used for the covalent coupling of adhesive proteins on PET membranes developed as supports for cell cultivation.     

微桥量热计测量铝薄膜热容

用表面硅微加工工艺研制了一种用于薄膜热容测量的新型微桥量热计,热性能测试与分析表明,微桥量热计温度响应快,温度均匀性较好,采用脉冲量热法,通过测量量热计的热功耗、瞬态温度以及稳态热功耗,可计算量热计和样品薄膜的热容．在真空中300～420K测量了40～1150nm厚的Al薄膜热容,并测量了样品的贡量,获得了样品的比热容,1150nm厚的Al薄膜比热容与Al体材料比热容的文献值吻合较好．随着厚度的减小,Al薄膜的比热容增强,这种现象在高温时更为显著．