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941.
在15~85℃宽温度范围,研究了蛋白质在固定Zn2 金属螯合色谱系统中的热行为和变性热力学。实验结果表明,蛋白质在色谱过程都有一个固定的热转变温度:核糖核酸酶(RNase)、α-胰凝乳蛋白酶原A(α-Chy)的热转变温度约为55℃,细胞色素C(Cyt-C)和溶菌酶(Lys)约为65℃;,热转变温度的出现标志蛋白质构象发生变化;利用Van′tHoff作图测定了蛋白质在色谱系统热变性时的标准焓变ΔH°和标准熵变ΔS°,提出用标准熵变ΔS°和自由能变ΔG°判断蛋白质构象变化;利用ΔH°-ΔS°的线性关系估算了蛋白质热变性时的补偿温度,鉴定了蛋白质各变体在金属螯合色谱中保留机理的同一性,RNase、Cyt-C、Lys和α-Chy的补偿温度分别为55℃、65.8℃、65.2℃和54.8℃;根据蛋白质热变性时的补偿温度和构象变化熵变Δ(ΔS°)的大小,讨论了蛋白质在阳离子交换色谱和固定Zn的金属螯合色谱体系中的热稳定性。实验证明,在IDA裸柱引入Zn2 后蛋白质在色谱系统中的热稳定性减小,平均补偿温度从65.3℃降低到59.7℃,而构象变化熵变的绝对值大幅度升高。 相似文献
942.
同位素稀释热电离质谱法测定人血清中痕量铜和锌 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用热电离同位素稀释质谱法(ID-TIMS)准确测定了欧盟标准物质与测量研究院(EC-JRC-IRMM)组织的国际测量评估计划IMEP-17人血清样品中的痕量铜和锌。由于锌和铜都是易受污染的元素,本工作建立了仅用少量硝酸消解的低流程本底和适于热电离质谱测量的生物基体血清中痕量铜和锌的样品前处理方法;采用适当比例的硅胶和磷酸作为电离增强剂,在热电离质谱(TIMS)测量时获得了较高强度且稳定的铜和锌离子束;血清中痕量铜和锌的测量结果可直接溯源到国际单位mole。2种人血清样品中铜和锌测量结果的不确定度(k=2)分别为0.94%、0.83%和0.49%,测量值被EC-JRC-IRMM采用作为该样品的标准值。 相似文献
943.
采用行星式高能球磨机,通过在室温下球磨纯元素混合粉末制备出Ni7Zr2非晶合金粉末.应用X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同球磨时间的混合粉末进行了研究.结果发现球磨时间对混合粉末的结构及颗粒形貌均存在显著影响.随着球磨时间的增加,Ni、Zr颗粒发生严重塑性变形,并且通过冷焊团聚起来,形成具有层状结构的复合颗粒.由于磨球的剧烈撞击,使得结构发生了严重的畸变,从而破坏了原有的有序结构而形成了无序结构.另外,在进一步球磨过程中,合金的晶粒不断减小,形成高体积分数的晶界,而金属粉末不断地发生塑性变形,形成了点缺陷、位错等高密度缺陷,晶格发生严重的畸变,晶体自由能也相应不断上升,最后产生了非晶转变.磁性能测量表明,该合金粉末具有较好的软磁性能. 相似文献
944.
Shahzad Hussain Abdellatif A. Mohamed Mohamed S. Alamri Mohamed A. Ibraheem Akram A. Abdo Qasem Tawfiq Alsulami Ibrahim A. Ababtain 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(3)
This study was planned to explore the locally available natural sources of gum hydrocolloids as a natural modifier of different starch properties. Corn (CS), sweet potato (SPS), and Turkish bean (TBS) starches were mixed with locally extracted native or acetylated cactus (CG) and acacia (AG) gums at 2 and 5% replacement levels. The binary mixtures (starch–gums) were prepared in water, freeze dried, ground to powder, and stored airtight. A rapid viscoanalyzer (RVA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), texture analyzer, and dynamic rheometer were used to explore their pasting, thermal, textural, and rheological properties. The presence of acetylated AG or CG increased the final viscosity (FV) in all three starches when compared to starch pastes containing native gums. Plain SPS dispersion had a higher pasting temperature (PT) than CS and TBS. The addition of AG or CG increased the PT of CS, SPS, and TBS. The thermograms revealed the overall enthalpy change of the starch and gum blends: TBS > SPS > CS. The peak temperature (Tp) of starches increased with increasing gum concentration from 2 to 5% for both AG and CG native and modified gums. When compared to the control gels, the addition of 2% CG, either native or modified, reduced the syneresis of starch gels. However, further addition (5% CG) increased the gels’ syneresis. Furthermore, the syneresis for the first cycle on the fourth day was higher than the second cycle on the eighth day for all starches. The addition of native and acetylated CG reduced the hardness of starch gels at all concentrations tested. All of the starch dispersions had higher G′ than G″ values, indicating that they were more elastic and less viscous with or without the gums. The apparent viscosity of all starch gels decreased as shear was increased, with profiles indicating time-dependent thixotropic behavior. All of the starch gels, with or without gums, showed a non-Newtonian shear thinning trend in the shear stress vs. shear rate graphs. The addition of acetylated CG gum to CS resulted in a higher activation energy (Ea) than the native counterparts and the control. More specifically, starch gels with a higher gum concentration (5%) provided greater Ea than their native counterparts. 相似文献
945.
Titanium is a commonly used material in aviation, aerospace, and military applications, due to the outstanding mechanical properties of titanium and its alloys. However, its relatively low thermal conductivity restricts its extended usage. The use of graphene as a filler shows great potential for the enhancement of thermal conductivity in titanium-based metal-matrix composites (MMCs). We used classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods to explore the thermal conductance at the titanium–graphene (Ti/Gr) interface for its thermal boundary conductance, which plays an important role in the thermal properties of Ti-based MMCs. The effects of system size, layer number, temperature, and strain were considered. The results show that the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) decreases with an increasing layer number and reaches a plateau at n = 5. TBC falls under tensile strain and, in turn, it grows with compressive strain. The variation of TBC is explained qualitatively by the interfacial atomic vibration coupling factor. Our findings also provide insights into ways to optimize future thermal management based on Ti-based MMCs materials. 相似文献
946.
大功率白光LED倒装焊方法研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了一种大功率、高亮度LED倒装散热封装技术。采用背面出光的蓝宝石LED芯片,倒装焊接在有静电放电(LED)保护电路的硅基板上。该封装技术针对传统LED出光效率低下和散热问题做出了改进,有效提高了LED芯片的寿命,降低了制造成本。 相似文献
947.
采用拉曼热测量技术结合有限元热仿真模型,分析比较新型铜/石墨复合物法兰封装与传统铜钼法兰封装的GaN器件的结温与热阻,发现前者的整体热阻比铜钼法兰器件的整体热阻低18.7%,器件内部各层材料的温度分布显示铜/石墨复合物法兰在器件中的热阻占比相比铜钼法兰在器件中的热阻占比低13%,这证明使用高热导率铜/石墨复合物法兰封装提高GaN器件热扩散性能的有效性.通过对两种GaN器件热阻占比的测量与分析,发现除了封装法兰以外,热阻占比最高的是GaN外延与衬底材料之间的界面热阻,降低界面热阻是进一步提高器件热性能的关键.同时,详细阐述了使用拉曼光热技术测量GaN器件结温和热阻的原理和过程,展示了拉曼光热技术作为一种GaN器件热特性表征方法的有效性. 相似文献
948.
寻求具有较小晶格热导率klat的高热电性能的二维材料具有重要意义。基于从头计算和声子玻耳兹曼输运理论,该研究首先对二维CdO结构进行优化,并通过计算声子谱验证了单层CdO的动力学稳定性。在此基础上详细研究了单层CdO的声子输运性质。计算表明在室温下单层CdO的晶格热导率klat约为5.7 W/(m·K),低于单层石墨烯、磷烯、黑磷和MoS2等二维材料的晶格热导率。其中,Z方向声学模式(Z-direction acoustic, ZA),横声学支(transverse acoustic,TA),纵声学支(longitudinal acoustic, LA),Z方向光学模式(Z-direction optical, ZO),横光学支(transverse optical, TO),纵光学支(longitudinal optical, LO)对klat的百分比贡献分别为73.7%、13.9%、3.7%、2.8%、4.7%和1.2%。研究发现,ZA、TA、LA声学支和光学支之间的强散射是导致单层CdO低热导率的原因。本文计算结果可用于指导基于CdO的低维热电器件的设计。 相似文献
949.
New thermoelectric materials, n-type Bi6Cu2Se4O6 oxyselenides, composed of well-known BiCuSeO and Bi2O2Se oxyselenides, are synthesized with a simple solid-state reaction. Electrical transport properties, microstructures, and elastic properties are investigated with an emphasis on thermal transport properties. Similar to Bi2O2Se, it is found that the halogen-doped Bi6Cu2Se4O6 possesses n-type conducting transports, which can be improved via Br/Cl doping. Compared with BiCuSeO and Bi2O2Se, an extremely low thermal conductivity can be observed in Bi6Cu2Se4O6. To reveal the origin of low thermal conductivity, elastic properties, sound velocity, Grüneisen parameter, and Debye temperature are evaluated. Importantly, the calculated phonon mean free path of Bi6Cu2Se4O6 is comparable to the interlayer distance for BiO─CuSe and BiO─Se layers, which is ascribed to the strong interlayer phonon scattering. Contributing from the outstanding low thermal conductivity and improved electrical transport properties, the maximum ZT ≈0.15 at 823 K and ≈0.11 at 873K are realized in n-type Bi6Cu2Se3.2Br0.8O6 and Bi6Cu2Se3.6Cl0.4O6, respectively, indicating the promising thermoelectric performance in n-type Bi6Cu2Se4O6 oxyselenides. 相似文献
950.