Synthesis of nano-polycrystalline diamond from glassy carbon at pressures up to 25 GPa

ABSTRACT

Nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD) with various grain sizes has been synthesized from glassy carbon at pressures 15–25?GPa and temperatures 1700–2300°C using multianvil apparatus. The minimum temperature for the synthesis of pure NPD, below which a small amount of compressed graphite was formed, significantly increased with pressure from ～1700°C at 15?GPa to ～1900°C at 25?GPa. The NPD having grain sizes less than ～50?nm was synthesized at temperatures below ～2000°C at 15?GPa and ～2300°C at 25?GPa, above which significant grain growth was observed. The grain size of NPD decreases with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature, and the pure NPD with grain sizes less than 10?nm is obtained in a limited temperature range around 1800–2000°C, depending on pressure. The pure NPD from glassy carbon is highly transparent and exhibits a granular nano-texture, whose grain size is tunable by selecting adequate pressure and temperature conditions.     

自然地理野外实习研究

关于自然地理野外实习的研究,大多侧重于实习模式、实习基地建设等方面,针对具体的过程、效果评价等研究不足.本文以聊城大学自然地理野外实习为例进行探析,运用建构主义的观点提出了影响实习效果的五大因素以及相关对策,对野外实习改革具有一定的理论意义.     

煤直接液化油中混合酚的分离研究

利用分子筛择形特点，对煤直接液化油中的混合酚实施高效分离。本研究选取间甲酚和对甲酚作为分离煤直接液化油馏分段混合酚的模型化合物，采用化学液相沉积法对HZSM-5吸附剂的孔口结构进行改变，分析分子筛硅铝比及颗粒粒径对模型化合物间甲酚和对甲酚吸附分离性能的影响，以获得高性能固相吸附剂，并将其应用于180-190℃馏分段混合酚分离。结果表明，当分子筛硅铝比为25、粒径为3-5 μm时，分子筛的孔口结构调节效果最优；当正硅酸乙酯的最小用量为0.2 mL/g时，固相吸附剂的吸附量为0.03 g/g，对甲酚选择性高于95%。由于外表面沉积物对吸附剂的孔口结构变化，导致对甲酚选择性的提高。进一步采用HZSM-5（1）吸附剂对真实煤直接液化油混合酚的分离中发现，苯酚和对甲酚的选择性均达到100%。     

上海黄浦江两支流河流甲烷含量研究

甲烷是一种重要的温室气体,虽然目前大气中含量远小于二氧化碳,但排放增长率却大于后者.研究区域为上海市黄浦江支流苏州河和淀浦河,通过实验数据对比城郊春夏的甲烷排放的差异,探讨甲烷产生的机制及其与环境因子的关系,这将有助于研究河流甲烷排放对于环境变化的影响.研究结果认为河流甲烷主要来源于水中沉积物,其产生与水质、温度等因素相关;同时甲烷摩尔浓度与硝酸根离子质量体积比存在负相关性,与铵根离子质量体积比和有机碳质量分数存在正相关性.     

铸造工艺仿真设计前处理及过程处理应用技术

以应用ProCAST和MAGMAsoft 2款软件为例，针对铸造工艺仿真设计前处理和过程处理每个环节的主要内容与使用方法进行了较为详细地归纳、分析和总结。提出了处理过程的技术路线，并系统地介绍了每项应用内容的操作平台与使用步骤，从而为高效地应用铸造工艺仿真设计提供理论和技术支持。     

齐次核的Hilbert型多重级数不等式取最佳常数因子的等价条件及应用

利用实分析技巧和权函数方法, 讨论具有齐次核的多重级数Hilbert型不等式, 得到了其取最佳常数因子的充分必要条件, 并给出其应用.     

Formation of low-temperature deformation-induced segregations of nickel in Fe–Ni-based austenitic alloys

ABSTRACT

The authors present the results of an investigation in Fe–Ni-Cr austenitic alloys of the low-temperature deformation-induced segregations of nickel that form in the micro regions being (i) located close to grain- and subgrain boundaries and (ii) characteristic of the concentration and magnetic inhomogeneities indicated by the appearance of a dark diffraction contrast at the electron diffraction patterns taken from these regions typical (at the same time) of an enhanced value of Curie temperature. The observed effects were connected with the micro distortions caused by the local change of lattice parameter because of an increase in nickel concentration, as well as in the result of a magnetostriction dilatation. Using methods of the X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) and atomic-probe body-section radiography (tomography – APT) has made it possible to determine the borders of those regions of austenite that were characteristic of an enhanced concentration of nickel in the fields of the localisation of a deformation-induced segregation of nickel in the vicinity of grain (subgrain) boundaries of austenitic alloys of the types Fe–13Cr–30Ni and Fe–37Ni–3Ti.     

Response surface methodology toward the optimization of high-energy carotenoid extraction from Aristeus antennatus shrimp

High-energy assisted extraction techniques, like ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE), are widely applied over the last years for the recovery of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, antioxidants and phenols from foods, animals and herbal natural sources. Especially for the case of xanthophylls, the main carotenoid group of crustaceans, they can be extracted in a rapid and quantitative way with the use of UAE and MAE.     

A Layer-Stripping Method for 3D Near-Surface Velocity Model Building Using Seismic First-Arrival Times

In order to improve the efficiency of 3D near-surface velocity model building, we develop a layer-stripping method using seismic first-arrival times. The velocity model within a Common Mid-Point (CMP) ...     

“二三结合”开发模式渗流特征研究

L油田B区块开展"二三结合"实验区,"二三结合"开发模式渗流特征对区块的合理高效开发具有重要意义。为了明确其渗流特征,利用油藏数值模拟软件Eclipse建立代表意义的油藏数值模型,研究区块"二三结合"开发模式下原射孔层和补孔层的渗流特征,分析了"二三结合"开发模式下,不同开发阶段综合含水率、采出程度、井底压力、地层压力及含水饱和度的变化特征。研究表明,"二三结合"开发模式先通过水驱开发挖潜原射孔层剩余油,提高厚油层顶部剩余油的采出程度,再通过聚合物驱进一步提高开发效果,通过水驱与聚驱的综合作用,最终得到较好的开发效果。