大学生对课外活动形式所持态度的调查与分析

体育课程不仅包括"课堂"教学,而且包括课堂外的各种教学活动。课外活动是体育课的必然延伸,在教师的指导下,有计划、有组织地开展好课外、校外体育活动,使学生具有体育锻炼的自觉性和自主锻炼的能力,是为学生终生体育打下基础的需要,是落实《全民健身计划》的需要。     

西周"尊老"风气及其原因新探

我国历来有"尊老"之传统,长久以来,"尊老"思想被冠以孝治的产物,但在商周革故鼎新之际,周代的开国者却遇着后代所没有的境遇,他们所施行的"尊老"思想,在很大程度上是为了借鉴殷商所以灭亡的因素,在他们看来,"尊老"问题能否贯彻是关乎国家兴亡的大事。     

西部城市发展对罗马帝国的重要影响

罗马帝国时期西部城市发展对帝国的稳定与发展产生了重要影响。第一,带动了罗马帝国经济的发展与繁荣;第二,扩大了统治者的阶级基础;第三,使帝国呈现统一性局面。     

中浓纸浆在反应器内的流动特性研究

中浓纸浆是一种非常特殊的介质,中浓纸浆在升流式反应器中的运动特性关系到反应器的反应效率和反应质量.为探求中浓纸浆在升流式反应器内的流动规律,作者利用自行研制的中浓纸浆漂白试验系统采用示踪法进行了研究.结果证明:中浓纸浆在升流塔内流动时的运动和塔器的截面形状,流动速度相关.对其中气体的运移也进行了一定深度的研究.     

合作联盟资源集成计划一种新方法

合作联盟里，资源集成计划往往是联盟成员群体谈判博弈的结果。本以两人博弈为例，对联盟的资源集成计划给出一个谈判博弈模型，能够较好地模仿和反映合作联盟资源整合计划的制订过程。     

Thermal expansion of a rig

Summary We have estimated and measured the daily thermal expansion of an oceanographic platform. This has been found negligible as far as the calibration of a satellite altimeter is concerned.     

Letter: Differential Invariants of the Kerr Vacuum

The norms associated with the gradients of the two non-differential invariants of the Kerr vacuum are examined. Whereas both locally single out the horizons, their global behavior is more interesting. Both reflect the background angular momentum as the volume of space allowing a timelike gradient decreases with increasing angular momentum becoming zero in the degenerate and naked cases. These results extend directly to the Kerr-Newman geometry.     

Robust Speed Control of a Low Damped Electromechanical System Based on CRONE Control: Application to a Four Mass Experimental Test Bench

Robust speed control of a low damped electromechanical system with backlash is studied, controlled load angular speed being not measured. The proposed control strategy combines a Luenberger observer (load angular speed and load torque disturbance estimations) and a robust CRONE controller. The observer provides estimation of the load angular speed and of the disturbance torque applied on the load. Through the computation of only three independent parameters (as many as a PID controller), the CRONE controller permits to ensure the robust speed control of the load in spite of plant parametric variations and speed observation errors. The proposed control strategy is applied to a four mass experimental test bench.     

Computations of two passing‐by high‐speed trains by a relaxation overset‐grid algorithm

This paper presents a relaxation algorithm, which is based on the overset grid technology, an unsteady three‐dimensional Navier–Stokes flow solver, and an inner‐ and outer‐relaxation method, for simulation of the unsteady flows of moving high‐speed trains. The flow solutions on the overlapped grids can be accurately updated by introducing a grid tracking technique and the inner‐ and outer‐relaxation method. To evaluate the capability and solution accuracy of the present algorithm, the computational static pressure distribution of a single stationary TGV high‐speed train inside a long tunnel is investigated numerically, and is compared with the experimental data from low‐speed wind tunnel test. Further, the unsteady flows of two TGV high‐speed trains passing by each other inside a long tunnel and at the tunnel entrance are simulated. A series of time histories of pressure distributions and aerodynamic loads acting on the train and tunnel surfaces are depicted for detailed discussions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.